Fig. 1.

Historical events leading to identification of Leishmania (Mundinia) spp. as newly emerging Leishmania pathogens worldwide. Dashed lines indicate absence of molecular identification of aetiologic agent. In Asia, members of the Mundinia (Shaw, Camargo and Teixeira 2016) subgenus are currently identified only in Thailand. In Africa, they were isolated in Ghana and are referred as Ghana strains. In Europe, presence was reported in Deutschland (Bavaria) and Switzerland; in North and South America, United States (Florida), Brazil (Curitiba, Sao Polo) and Martinique Island. Described species belonging to the Mundinia subgenus are: Leishmania (Mundinia) enriettii (Muniz and Medina 1948), Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis (Desbois, Pratlong and Dedet, 2014), Leishmania (Mundinia) orientalis (Bates and Jariyapan 2018) and Leishmania (Mundinia) macropodum (Barratt, Kaufer and Ellis, 2017), plus parasites responsible for CL in Ghana (Ghana strain). CL, cutaneous leishmaniasis; VL, visceral leishmaniasis.