Table 3. Weighted Logistic Regression Models of Screen-Based Sedentary Behaviors, Adjusted for Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Characteristics, NHANES 2001-2016a.
| Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitting Watching Television or Videos ≥2 h/d | Computer Use Outside School or Work ≥1 h/d | |||||
| 5-11 y | 12-19 y | ≥20 y | 5-11 y | 12-19 y | ≥20 y | |
| No. | 9228 | 6759 | 19 306 | 9228 | 6759 | 19 306 |
| Agec | 1.05 (1.02-1.09) | 1.02 (0.98-1.06) | 1.02 (1.02-1.02) | 1.17 (1.13-1.20) | 1.04 (1.00-1.07) | 0.98 (0.98-0.98) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 1.12 (1.01-1.26) | 1.17 (1.02-1.34) | 1.14 (1.06-1.23) | 1.84 (1.64-2.06) | 1.36 (1.18-1.57) | 1.09 (1.01-1.18) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.81 (1.56-2.09) | 1.64 (1.39-1.94) | 1.63 (1.43-1.86) | 2.26 (1.93-2.64) | 1.08 (0.90-1.29) | 1.07 (0.95-1.20) |
| Hispanic | 1.05 (0.92-1.20) | 1.21 (1.00-1.46) | 0.86 (0.78-0.96) | 0.90 (0.78-1.04) | 0.79 (0.68-0.93) | 0.65 (0.58-0.73) |
| Otherd | 0.99 (0.80-1.22) | 0.90 (0.70-1.17) | 0.86 (0.74-1.00) | 1.37 (1.08-1.73) | 1.79 (1.39-2.32) | 1.17 (1.02-1.34) |
| Annual household income, $ | ||||||
| <25 000 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 25 000-<75 000 | 0.96 (0.82-1.12) | 1.10 (0.93-1.30) | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) | 1.29 (1.14-1.47) | 1.12 (0.95-1.31) | 1.10 (0.98-1.25) |
| ≥75 000 | 0.61 (0.52-0.71) | 0.95 (0.76-1.18) | 0.81 (0.71-0.92) | 1.15 (0.97-1.37) | 1.60 (1.30-1.97) | 1.19 (1.04-1.37) |
| P for trende | <.001 | .76 | .001 | .37 | <.001 | .06 |
| Weight statusf | ||||||
| Normal | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Overweight | 1.08 (0.93-1.26) | 1.40 (1.21-1.62) | 1.20 (1.09-1.31) | 1.04 (0.88-1.22) | 0.99 (0.83-1.18) | 1.13 (1.01-1.26) |
| Obese | 1.59 (1.32-1.90) | 1.80 (1.45-2.22) | 1.59 (1.43-1.76) | 1.01 (0.86-1.20) | 1.24 (1.07-1.42) | 1.28 (1.16-1.40) |
| P for trendg | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | .62 | .01 | <.001 |
| Leisure-time physical activityh | ||||||
| Active | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Inactive | 1.25 (1.07-1.45) | 1.24 (1.00-1.53) | 1.36 (1.25-1.48) | 1.26 (1.11-1.42) | 1.27 (1.09-1.48) | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) |
| Educational attainmenti | ||||||
| <High school | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| High school | 1.24 (1.09-1.41) | 1.91 (1.63-2.24) | ||||
| >High school | 0.93 (0.82-1.06) | 3.00 (2.57-3.50) | ||||
| Smoking statusi | ||||||
| Never | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Former | 1.11 (0.99-1.24) | 1.11 (0.99-1.24) | ||||
| Current | 1.44 (1.28-1.62) | 1.02 (0.91-1.15) | ||||
| Cycle | ||||||
| 2001-2002 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| 2003-2004 | 1.24 (0.85-1.79) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 0.78 (0.58-1.03) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2005-2006 | 0.81 (0.57-1.15) | 0.73 (0.59-0.90) | 0.98 (0.84-1.14) | 0.65 (0.51-0.82) | 1.04 (0.78-1.38) | 1.13 (0.95-1.33) |
| 2007-2008 | 0.85 (0.60-1.22) | 0.94 (0.75-1.19) | ||||
| 2009-2010 | 0.81 (0.54-1.22) | 0.88 (0.68-1.16) | ||||
| 2011-2012 | 0.93 (0.65-1.33) | 0.96 (0.71-1.29) | 1.13 (0.96-1.33) | 1.30 (0.95-1.77) | 1.42 (1.07-1.89) | 2.62 (2.20-3.11) |
| 2013-2014 | 0.70 (0.49-1.00) | 0.83 (0.67-1.02) | 1.09 (0.94-1.27) | 1.65 (1.35-2.02) | 1.47 (1.06-2.02) | 2.41 (2.10-2.77) |
| 2015-2016 | 0.85 (0.58-1.24) | 0.75 (0.58-0.97) | 1.08 (0.88-1.33) | 1.88 (1.41-2.52) | 1.11 (0.84-1.47) | 2.54 (2.17-2.97) |
| P for trendj | .02 | .29 | .12 | <.001 | .03 | <.001 |
Participant characteristics were presented by age group: 5-11 years, 12-19 years and 20 years old or older. All estimates were weighted to be nationally representative.
For categorical variables, the odds ratios (ORs) represent the change in odds expected in each category compared with the reference group.
The ORs in this row represent the change in odds expected from a 1-year increase in age within this age group.
“Other” includes race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic, including multiracial.
P for trend over annual household income was calculated using the median value of each category as a continuous variable.
For weight status definitions, see the Table 1 footnotes.
Calculated using BMI as a continuous variable.
For leisure-time physical activity definitions, see the Table 1 footnotes.
Information on educational attainment and smoking status was collected only among participants 20 years or older.
P for trend over survey cycle was calculated using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2-year survey cycle as a continuous variable.