Table 4. Inflammatory biomarkers according to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease groups.
| Variable | Non-smoker group | Tobacco smoker group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sputum cytology | |||
| Weight (g) | 3.5±2.0 | 3.2±3.1 | 0.80 |
| Number of cells (x106) | 17.8±17.9 | 6.1±6.1 | 0.04 |
| Viable cells (%) | 83.1±13.6 | 79.6±13.6 | 0.50 |
| Squamous cells (%) | 16.3±24.6 | 11.6±13.8 | 0.50 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 79.6±14.0 | 69.3±15.0 | 0.07 |
| Eosinophils (%) | 4.2±4.4 | 4.8±7.3 | 0.80 |
| Lymphomononuclear cells (%) | 16.1±12.6 | 25.9±12.9 | 0.04 |
| Sputum biomarkers | |||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 268.3±563.5 | 153.7±180.0 | 0.50 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 174.1±229.1 | 1027.7±1282.6 | 0.03 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 1445.1±1325.9 | 3055.9±1914.0 | 0.04 |
| Blood biomarkers | |||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 21.3±47.5 | 46.0±8.0 | 0.30 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 66.5±114.4 | 49.8±84.5 | 0.60 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 163.6±470.2 | 334.0±789.8 | 0.50 |
Data are reported as means±SD or number and percentage. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon test. IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.