Figure 1.

Airway remodelling is increased in association with elevated baseline IL‐33, IL‐13, and ILC2s, but inflammation and emphysema‐like alveolar enlargement are largely unaltered in CS‐exposed Rag1^−/− compared to WT mice. Mice were lavaged and (A) total BAL cells, (B) monocytes/macrophages, (C) neutrophils, and (D) lymphocytes were enumerated. (E) Representative images and quantification of collagen, and (F) quantification of alveolar diameter in normal air‐ or CS‐exposed WT and Rag1^−/− mice. Whole lung (G) Il33 mRNA expression, (H) IL‐33 protein levels and (I) Il13 mRNA expression. (J) Flow cytometric analysis of ILC2s in normal air‐exposed WT versus Rag1^−/− mice. n = 4–6 per group. Data are expressed as mean ± sem. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001