Table 1.

Frailty phenotype model and Fried’s criteria

	Male	Female
Weight loss	Greater than 10 lbs (4.5 kg) or 5% of weight loss in the last year
Slowness (4.57 m)	Height ≤173 cm: ≥7 s Height >173 cm: ≥6 s	Height ≤159 cm: ≥7 s Height >159 cm: ≥6 s
Dominant handgrip strength (kg)	BMI ≤24.0: ≤29 BMI 24.1–26.0: ≤30 BMI 26.1–28.0: ≤30 BMI >28.0: ≤32	BMI ≤23.0: ≤17 BMI 23.1–26.0: ≤17.3 BMI 26.1–29.0: ≤18 BMI >29.0: ≤21
Physical activity (MLTA)	<383 kcal/week (about 2.5 h walk)	<270 kcal/week (about 2 h walk)
Exhaustion	A score of 2 or 3 on either question on the CES-D How often in the last week did you feel this way? (a) I felt everything I did was an effort. (b) I could not get going. 0= less than 1 day, 1=1–2 days, 2=3–4 days, 3= more than 4 days

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; MLTA, Minnesota Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire.