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Evolution of an electrophile sensor. Following a gene duplication event, a single base-pair mutation causes a Trp to Cys mutation, ablating a hydrophobic patch and enzyme activity/function. Modification of the new Cys residue by RES (shown is a cyclized form of HNE-modification; see ref. [14] for details) restores enzyme activity. Thus, a RES-dependent function evolves.
