Table 1. Input variables for the model.
| Input Variables | Literature Estimates | Variability | Distribution used | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Number of Adult ACSa discharges | 705,357 | Fixed | AHA (21) | |
| Total Number of ACS in ≥65 years discharges | 438,889 | Fixed | Healthcare utilization cost utilization project (HCUP) (20) | |
| Total number of ACS in 18 to 64 years discharges | 266,468 | Fixed | HCUP (20) | |
| Readmission for ACS | 0.21 | Fixed | Menzin (24) | |
| Vaccine Effectiveness against MACEb (Hazard Ratio) | 36% (0.64) |
0.48–0.86e | Beta | Udell (13) |
| Vaccination Coverage in ≥65 years (for high risk patients) | 0.634 | 0.008d | Normal | CDC FluVAX (18) |
| Vaccination Coverage in 18 to 64 years (for high risk patients) | 0.481 | 0.012d | Normal | O’Halloran (16) |
| Probability of MACE Admission in 18 to 64 yearsc | 0.033 | Fixed | Korsnes (26) | |
| Probability of MACE Admission in ≥65 years* | 0.033 | Fixed | Korsnes (26) | |
| Probability of MACE deaths | 0.0862 | 0.0108–0.27e | Beta | Sribhutorn (30) |
| Utilities | 0.76 | 0.584–0.974e | Normal | Lewis EF (28) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 78.6 | Fixed | CDC 2016 (29) | |
| Life expectancy at 75 years | 12.2 | Fixed | CDC 2016 (29) | |
| Cost of MACE hospitalization (18+) i.e. everybody in the cohort | $20,246 | 157d | Gamma | HCUP (20) |
| Cost of MACE hospitalization (18–64) | $21,156 | 262d | Gamma | HCUP (20) |
| Cost of MACE hospitalization (65+) | $19,543 | 181d | Gamma | HCUP (20) |
| Vaccination cost | $21.57 | $6.63d | Normal | Singhal and Zhang(27) |
|
Proportion of MACE among hospitalized discharges by age group 18–44 years 45–64 years 65–84 years 85+ years |
0.0523 0.3823 0.4382 0.1270 |
HCUP (20) |
a. ACS = Acute coronary syndrome.
b. MACE = Major adverse cardiac event
c. Probability of MACE hospitalization within one year of ACS discharge
d. SD = Standard deviation or standard error
e. CI = Confidence interval