Table 5.
Application of ω-3 PUFA nanoformulations in melanoma and colon cancer
| Nanoparticle (NP) type | Chemical form of ω-3 PUFA used | NP size (nm) | EE (%) | Cargo molecule | Zeta potential (−mV) | Function of the NP | Experimental model | Mechanisms involved in the NP effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Tocopheryl linoleate-based SLN | ALA-free fatty acid | 181 | 77 | ALA | ND | To improve the delivery and stability of ALA | Human C32 melanoma cells in vitro | Enhanced antioxidant efficiency*; enhanced cytotoxicity# | 91 |
| Resveratrol-based SLN | ALA- or DHA free fatty acids | 842 (DHA-containing SLN); 1000 (ALA-containing SLN) | 77 (ALA); 100 (DHA) | DHA or ALA | ND | To protect ω-3 PUFA from degradation and to increase their incorporation in cancer cells | Human HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells in vitro | Increased ω-3 PUFA incorporation in tumor cells; increased cancer cell growth inhibition; reduced cancer cell proliferation§ | 92 |
Notes:
*
Compared to the empty SLN.
#
Compared to free ALA.
§
Compared to free DHA and ALA.
Abbreviations: ALA, α-linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EE, encapsulation efficiency; ND, not determined; SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.