Table 3.
Predictors of 30-day Readmissions: Univariate Analyses
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.37 |
| Male gender | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | 0.50 |
| Race/ethnicity Hispanic/other v non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic Black v non-Hispanic white |
0.59 (0.27,1.28) 0.88 (0.51, 1.52) |
0.18 0.66 |
| HIV Risk factor IDU v MSM Heterosexual v MSM |
1.50 (0.82, 2.75) 1.93 (1.10, 3.38) |
0.18* 0.02* |
| Marital status Married/living together v other |
1.21 (0.69, 2.10) |
0.50 |
| Treatment group PN-CM v. PN TAU v. PN |
0.74 (0.48,1.15) 0.76 (0.49, 1.19) |
0.18 0.23 |
| Socio-economic | ||
| Education High school or greater |
1.07 (0.75, 1.55) |
0.74 |
| Income, annual <$10,000/year v other** |
1.84 (1.07, 3.16) |
0.03* |
| Insurance Any Medicaid^ |
1.43 (0.95, 2.15) 1.86 (1.29, 2.68) |
0.09* 0.001* |
| Employment Disabled v working Other v working |
2.16 (1.04, 4.49) 2.07 (0.98, 4.36) |
0.04* 0.06* |
| Food insecurity, Moderate-severe v none/mild |
1.79 (1.23, 2.59) |
0.002* |
| Housing Homelessness |
1.03 (0.63, 1.71) |
0.89 |
| Socio-behavioral | ||
| Prior Incarceration, any Past 6 months |
1.18 (0.75, 1.85) 0.93 (0.55, 1.56) |
0.48 0.78 |
| Substance use (past 12 months) Simulants Opiates Polysubstance use (≥2) |
1.17 (0.78, 1.76) 1.00 (0.64, 1.55) 0.83 (0.58, 1.20) |
0.44 0.99 0.33 |
| Substance use AUDIT DAST-10 Severe substance use (AUDIT or DAST-10) |
1.04 (0.72, 1.50) 1.02 (0.71, 1.48) 0.96 (0.65, 1.40) |
0.85 0.91 0.82 |
| Substance use treatment attitudes Readiness Negative attitude |
0.97 (0.94, 1.00) 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
0.06* 0.51 |
| Smoking | 0.84 (0.56, 1.26) | 0.40 |
| Adherence to antiretrovirals Taking >85% |
1.14 (0.71, 1.83) |
0.58 |
| Adherence self-efficacy Integration Perseverance Total score |
0.99 (0.99, 1.00) 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) |
0.54 0.46 0.46 |
| Patient provider relationship (N=548) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 0.85 |
| Medical mistrust | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.30 |
| Health literacy | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.12* |
| Perceived health status | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.06* |
| Interpersonal violence | 1.41 (0.94, 2.12) | 0.10 |
| Psychological distress (BSI) Anxiety/panic Somatization Depression Any |
1.15 (0.80, 1.66) 0.98 (0.68, 1.42) 1.36 (0.94, 1.96) 1.36 (0.94, 1.97) |
0.45 0.93 0.10 0.11 |
| Social support | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.00 |
| Access to care | 1.00 (0.97, 1.05) | 0.73 |
| Distance from hospital >13 miles from hospital |
0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 0.63 (0.32, 1.25) |
0.27 0.19 |
| Hospitalization details | ||
| Length of stay | 1.03 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.97 |
| Primary diagnosis on admission AIDS defining illness Infection, non AIDS defining Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal/Liver Neurology Psychiatry Pulmonary Substance use |
1.18 (0.65, 2.14) 0.85 (0.58, 1.24) 1.97 (1.11, 3.52) 1.90 (1.22, 3.23) 0.80 (0.35, 1.81) 1.71 (0.61, 4.83) 0.56 (0.29, 1.08) 1.59 (0.43, 5.94) |
0.59 0.40 0.02* 0.02* 0.59 0.31 0.09* 0.49 |
| On ART prior to admission | 1.33 (0.92, 1.93) | 0.13 |
| Started on ART during admission | 1.23 (0.76, 2.00) | 0.39 |
| Discharged with supply of ART | 0.88 (0.54, 1.43) | 0.60 |
| Referrals received as inpatient Case management Drug treatment Housing Mental health Outpatient HIV clinic Any referral |
0.68 (0.43, 1.11) 0.74 (0.43, 1.27) 0.68 (0.38, 1.24) 1.10 (0.58, 2.07) 0.94 (0.65, 1.36) 0.88 (0.60, 1.30) |
0.12* 0.27 0.21 0.77 0.75 0.52 |
| Laboratory values/illness severity | ||
| CD4 count, cells/uL <50 v. >200 50–200 v. >200 |
1.68 (1.09, 2.60) 0.93 (0.57, 1.50) |
0.02* 0.76 |
| HIV viral load (log) Undetectable <200 v other |
0.99 (0.94, 1.05) 1.27 (0.73, 2.20) |
0.81 0.40 |
| HCV Ab status (N=559) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.70) | 0.77 |
| Laboratory values WBC < 4.2 × 10(9)/L Absolute lymphocytes < 1.3 × 10 (9)/L HCT <39.6% (men), <34.1% (women) Creatinine <0.67(mg/dL) Creatinine> 1.17 (mg/dL) AST > 50 U/L (men) or >35 U/L (women) ALT > 50 U/L (men) or >35 U/L (women) |
1.88 (1.00, 3.53) 0. 69 (0.50, 0.97) 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) 1.25 (0.74, 2.09) 1.59 (1.06, 2.38) 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) |
0.05* 0.03* 0.01* 0.41 0.02* 0.99 0.86 |
| HIV-dementia scale (<= 10) | 1.41 (0.95, 2.10) | 0.09* |
| Karnofsky <80 | 1.45 (1.01, 2.09) | 0.05* |
| Healthcare utilization | ||
| HIV primary care visit in past 6 months | 1.08 (0.75, 1.56) | 0.68 |
| ED visits in past 12 months ≤1 2–4 >= 5 |
Ref 2.26 (1.43, 3.58) 4.01 (2.40, 6.71) |
-- <0.001* <0.001* |
| Hospitalizations in past 6 months 0 1 ≥2 |
Ref 2.3 1(1.41, 3.76) 3.60 (2.28, 5.67) |
-- <0.001* <0.001* |
**
missing included in low income category
^
includes dual insurance (Medicare + Medicaid)
*
p value ≤ 0.20
IDU= injection drug use; MSM= men who have sex with men; PN-CM= patient navigation with contingency management; PN= patient navigation; TAU= treatment as usual;AUDIT= alcohol use disorders identification test; DAST-10= drug abuse screening test; SD= standard deviation; BSI=brief symptom inventory; AIDS= acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ART= antiretroviral therapy; HCV Ab=hepatitis C virus antibody; WBC= white blood cell count; HCT= hematocrit; AST= aspartate aminotransferase; ALT= alanine aminotransferase; ED= emergency department