Table 2.

Subgroup comparisons among RCTs

Subgroup Comparison	Assessments	(A) Effect Size	(B) Effect Size	Interaction Effect
Group (A) vs individual (B)	Preintervention and postintervention	Hedges’ g = −0.52, k = 6, 95% CI = −0.81, −.23, P < .001	Hedges’ g = −0.31, k =7, 95% CI = −0.48, −.13, P = .001	Q (1) = 1.46, P = .227
	Preintervention to longest follow-up	Hedges’ g = −0.74, k = 4, 95% CI = −1.46, −.02, P = .043	Hedges’ g = −0.20, k = 7 95% CI = −0.31, −.09, P < .001	Q (1) = 2.13, P = .144
CB (A) vs no CB (B)	Preintervention and postintervention	Hedges’ g = −0.26, k = 12, 95% CI = −0.39, −.13, P < .001	Hedges’ g = −0.39, k = 4, 95% CI = −0.54, −.24, P < .001	Q (1) = 1.64, P = .200
	Preintervention to longest follow-up	Hedges’ g = −0.19, k = 9, 95% CI = −0.29, −.09, P < .001	Hedges’ g = −0.37, k = 4, 95% CI = −0.53, −.22, P < .001	Q (1) = 3.81, P = .051
MM (A) vs no MM (B)	Preintervention and postintervention	Hedges’ g = −0.45, k = 3, 95% CI = −0.72, −.18, P < .001	Hedges’ g = −0.34, k = 14, 95% CI = −0.49, −.18, P < .001	Q (1) = 0.50, P = .481
	Preintervention to longest follow-up	Hedges’ g = −0.40, k = 2, 95% CI = −0.80, <−.01, P = .049	Hedges’ g = −0.30, k = 12, 95% CI = −0.48, −.12, P = .001	Q (1) = 0.21, P = .644
Unimodal (A) vs multimodal (B)	Preintervention and postintervention	Hedges’ g = −0.29, k =8, 95% CI = −0.53, −.04, P = .021	Hedges’ g = −0.39, k =9, 95% CI = −0.51, −.27, P < .001	Q (1) = 0.58, P = .448
	Preintervention to longest follow-up	Hedges’ g = −0.32, k = 8, 95% CI = −0.62, −.01, P = .043	Hedges’ g = −0.30, k =6, 95% CI = −0.62, −.01, P < .001	Q (1) = 0.01, P = .913
Postcancer treatment (A) vs current cancer treatment (B)	Preintervention and postintervention	Hedges’ g = −0.38, k = 11, 95% CI = −0.54, −.21, P < .001	Hedges’ g = −0.33, k =6, 95% CI = −0.40, −.19, P = .003	Q (1) = 0.12, P = .729
	Preintervention to longest follow-up	Hedges’ g = −0.32, k =9, 95% CI = −0.53, −.12, P = .002	Hedges’ g = −0.31, k =5, 95% CI = −0.54, −.07, P = .011	Q (1) = 0.01, P = .918
≤6 sessions (A) vs ≥7 sessions (B)	Preintervention and postintervention	Hedges’ g = −0.54, k = 6, 95% CI = −0.83, −.26, P < .001	Hedges’ g = −0.28, k = 11, 95% CI = −0.42, −.14, P < .001	Q (1) = 2.65, P = .104
	Preintervention to longest follow-up	Hedges’ g = −0.43, k = 5, 95% CI = −0.78, −.07, P = .019	Hedges’ g = −0.27, k =9, 95% CI = −0.39, −.15, P < .001	Q (1) = 0.67, P = .413

Note: CI, confidence interval; k, intervention-control group comparisons across studies; CB, cognitive-behavioral skills; MM, mindfulness meditation. For the group vs individual delivery comparison, studies using both methods (k = 3) were excluded. For the CB comparisons, Bannaasan et al⁵⁵ was excluded, as its large effects biased the pooled effect estimates and Q-values among subgroups of k ≤ 5 studies. Only one study⁶⁰ used CB and MM exercises.