Table 4.
Mixed linear regression repeated measures models of blood parameters and physical examination findings associated with pain or inflammation in 33 beef calves assisted at birth and medicated with subcutaneous meloxicam (Metacam, 20 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/kg BW, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany) or placebo (0.025 mL/kg)
| Coefficient | Standard error | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cortisol, ng/mL | |||
| Medication group | |||
| Placebo | Referent | — | — |
| Meloxicam | −1.7 | 3.6 | 0.62 |
| Ranch | |||
| A | Referent | — | — |
| B | −22.8 | 14.5 | 0.11 |
| Calving difficulty | |||
| Easy | Referent | — | — |
| Difficult | 7.6 | 3.9 | 0.05 |
| At-birtha cortisol | −0.7 | 0.4 | 0.08 |
| Time sampled | |||
| 1 h | Referent | — | — |
| 4 h | −20.9 | 3.5 | <0.0001 |
| 24 h | −48.4 | 3.5 | <0.0001 |
| Farm by at-birtha cortisol interaction | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.009 |
| Corticosterone, b ng/mL | |||
| Medication group | |||
| Placebo | Referent | — | — |
| Meloxicam | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.122 |
| Ranch | |||
| A | Referent | — | — |
| B | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.021 |
| At-birtha corticosterone | 0.4 | 0.06 | <0.0001 |
| Time sampled | |||
| 1 h | Referent | — | — |
| 4 h | −1.1 | 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| 24 h | −1.8 | 0.1 | <0.0001 |
| Substance P, c pg/mL | |||
| Medication group | |||
| Placebo | Referent | — | — |
| Meloxicam | −0.002 | 0.0001 | 0.20 |
| At-birtha substance P | −0.0001 | 0.00002 | <0.0001 |
| Time sampled | |||
| 1 h | Referent | — | — |
| 4 h | −0.02 | 0.004 | <0.0001 |
| 24 h | −0.03 | 0.003 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, d bpm | |||
| Medication group | |||
| Placebo | Referent | — | — |
| Meloxicam | −0.3 | 0.2 | 0.23 |
| Time sampled | |||
| 1 h | Referent | — | — |
| 4 h | −0.5 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| 24 h | −0.8 | 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory rate, bpm | |||
| Medication group | |||
| Placebo | Referent | — | — |
| Meloxicam | 17.9 | 8.0 | 0.02 |
| Calving difficulty | |||
| Easy | Referent | — | — |
| Difficult | 12.5 | 3.4 | <0.0001 |
| Time sampled | |||
| 1 h | Referent | — | — |
| 4 h | −0.6 | 2.1 | 0.77 |
| 24 h | 3.0 | 3.1 | 0.32 |
| Calving difficulty by medication interaction | −10.5 | 4.6 | 0.02 |
| Rectal temperature, Cº | |||
| Medication group | |||
| Placebo | Referent | — | — |
| Meloxicam | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.74 |
| Time sampled | |||
| 1 h | Referent | — | — |
| 4 h | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.16 |
| 24 h | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.10 |
aAt-birth refers to baseline measurements of that outcome variable taken within 10 min of birth.
bLog transformation.
c1/(square root) transformation.
dSquare root transformation.