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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2019 Jan 16;93:86–92. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.010

Table 3.

Adjusted Means and Estimates for Risk and Protective Factors at 2- and 3-Year Follow-up

2-Year Follow-Up (N = 731) 3-Year Follow-Up (N = 727)

Intervention Control Intervention Control

Variable M (SD) M (SD) t-test p M (SD) M (SD) t-test p
Anxiety 1.62 (1.14) 1.67 (1.16) 0.62 .534 1.52 (1.04) 1.70 (1.14) 2.14 .033
Depression 1.79 (1.05) 1.90 (1.09) 1.10 .270 1.73 (1.01) 1.78 (1.07) 0.610 .542
Body image 2.62 (1.17) 2.79 (1.20) 1.97 .050 2.44 (0.91) 2.59 (0.95) 2.17 .031
Coping 1.47 (0.64) 1.32 (0.62) −3.12 .002 1.63 (0.53) 1.59 (0.55) −0.92 .360
Stress 1.45 (0.75) 1.53 (0.69) 1.46 .144 1.99 (0.89) 2.13 (0.87) 2.01 .044
Media literacy 1.52 (0.57) 1.63 (0.54) 2.67 .008 1.49 (0.49) 1.58 (0.52) 2.49 .013
Goal Setting 2.00 (0.76) 1.98 (0.80) -0.42 .675 2.07 (0.76) 2.08 (0.78) 0.28 .782
Self-esteem 2.17 (0.60) 2.29 (0.68) 2.45 .015 2.22 (0.58) 2.31 (0.63) 1.99 .047
Self-efficacy 2.09 (0.57) 2.21 (0.58) 2.62 .009 1.97 (0.59) 2.06 (0.57) 2.10 .036
Drug refusal 1.54 (0.77) 1.68 (0.90) 2.29 .022 1.53 (0.74) 1.68 (0.91) 2.38 .017
Peer use 2.66 (3.19) 3.22 (3.41) 2.31 .021 2.86 (3.01) 3.63 (3.61) 3.16 .007

Note. For all variables, except coping and goal setting, lower scores are better.