Table 4.
Multivariable associations of socio-demographic characteristics, stressful events, and mental disorders with suicide attempts, suicide ideation, and attempts among ideators.1
| Suicide attempters among the total population2 n=132 cases n=10,193 controls | 30-day suicide ideators among the total population3 n=257 cases n=10,068 controls | Suicide attempters among 30-day ideators4 n=132 cases n=125 controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Female | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.6) | 0.4 | (0.1–1.6) |
| χ21 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.6 | |||
| Education | ||||||
| < High school | 1.5 | (0.8–2.9) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.1) | 1.3 | (0.4–4.1) |
| High school | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| ≥ Some college | 0.2* | (0.1–0.6) | 0.9 | (0.3–2.2) | 0.1* | (0.0–0.6) |
| χ22 | 13.2* | 0.2 | 7.9* | |||
| Lifetime stressful events5 | ||||||
| Interpersonal violence | ||||||
| Yes | 2.1* | (1.2–3.5) | 2.6* | (1.5–4.6) | 0.7 | (0.2–2.4) |
| No | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ21 | 7.4* | 10.6* | 0.3 | |||
| Past 12-month stressful events5 | ||||||
| Combat trauma | ||||||
| Yes | 0.4* | (0.2–0.7) | 0.3* | (0.2–0.8) | 3.0 | (0.8–10.6) |
| No | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ21 | 9.3* | 7.0* | 2.9 | |||
| Relationship problems | ||||||
| Yes | 2.9* | (1.8–4.8) | 2.1* | (1.2–3.6) | 1.5 | (0.6–3.9) |
| No | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ21 | 18.0* | 6.6* | 0.7 | |||
| Internalizing disorders | ||||||
| MDD | ||||||
| Past 30 days | 12.4* | (4.3–35.7) | 11.5* | (5.1–26.0) | 3.1 | (0.5–21.5) |
| Prior to past 30 days | 8.2* | (3.0–22.7) | 4.9* | (2.1–11.6) | 6.0 | (0.9–40.6) |
| Never | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ22 | 21.9* | 36.2* | 3.7 | |||
| PTSD | ||||||
| Past 30 days | 3.1* | (1.3–7.2) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.3) | 6.7* | (1.1–39.4) |
| Prior to past 30 days | 0.8 | (0.4–1.8) | 1.0 | (0.5–1.8) | 0.7 | (0.2–3.1) |
| Never | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ22 | 20.9* | 1.2 | 11.2* | |||
| Externalizing disorders | ||||||
| SUD | ||||||
| Lifetime | 2.1* | (1.2–3.6) | 2.2* | (1.3–3.7) | 0.6 | (0.2–1.7) |
| Never | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ21 | 7.7* | 9.1* | 0.8 | |||
| IED | ||||||
| Past 30 days | 0.7 | (0.4–1.2) | 2.2* | (1.2–4.0) | 0.2* | (0.1–0.5) |
| Prior to past 30 days | 0.3* | (0.1–0.7) | 1.1 | (0.4–2.9) | 0.1 | (0.0–1.7) |
| Never | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| χ22 | 8.4* | 7.7* | 11.8* | |||
Models include significant multivariable predictors from Tables 1–3 that remained significant when combined into a single multivariable model predicting suicide attempts among the total population (see Table S6). Gender, while nonsignificant in the final multivariable model, was included because of its consistent association with suicide attempts in previous Army studies.
Cases: Hospitalized suicide attempters (weighted). Controls: Non-hospitalized soldiers from the community who participated in the Army STARRS Consolidated All Army Study (weighted).
Cases: Past 30-day suicide ideators included hospitalized suicide attempters plus non-hospitalized soldiers reporting past 30-day ideation (weighted separately). Controls: Non-hospitalized soldiers from the community who participated in the Army STARRS Consolidated All Army Study and did not report past 30-day suicide ideation (weighted).
Cases: Hospitalized suicide attempters (weighted). Controls: Non-hospitalized soldiers from the community who participated in the Army STARRS Consolidated All Army Study and reported past 30-day suicide ideation (weighted).
Lifetime and past 12-month stressful event variables were derived from exploratory factor analyses. Variables indicate endorsement of any event within a factor (yes/no).
MDD = major depressive disorder; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; SUD = substance use disorder; IED = intermittent explosive disorder.
p < 0.05