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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Jan 31;67(5):1066–1073. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15790

Table 2.

Trends in diabetes medications used in treated diabetes visits by age, 2006–2015

Treatment Age 30–64 y
 Age ≥ 65 y
 P-interactionc
Yearly change in % using
drug class (95% Cl)a 		P-trendb Yearly change in % using
drug class (95% Cl)a 		P-trendb
2006–2015
Metformin  1.43 (0.79 to 2.08) <.001  1.20 (0.49 to 1.92) .001 .45
Any sulfonylurea −0.76 (−1.50 to −0.02) .045 −1.17 (−1.88 to −0.46) .001 .62
Long-acting sulfonylureas −0.53 (−1.06 to −0.00) .059 −1.39 (−1.79 to −0.99) <.001 .038
Thiazolidinediones −3.10 (−3.51 to −2.68) <.001 −2.75 (−3.21 to −2.29) <.001 .12
DPP-4 inhibitors  1.38 (0.73–2.02) <.001  1.73 (1.14–2.32) <.001 .53
GLP-1 receptor agonists  0.39 (−0.04 to 0.83) .073  0.25 (−0.74 to 1.24) .61 .78
Any insulin  1.07 (0.33–1.82) .005  1.61 (0.93–2.30) <.001 .18
Long-acting insulin  1.70 (1.07–2.34) <.001  2.40 (1.77–3.04) <.001 .031
Rapid-acting insulin  0.70 (0.20–1.19) .003  0.93 (0.49–1.38) <.001 .061
Insulin 2010–2015
Any insulin −0.16 (−1.97 to 1.66) .87  3.33 (2.00–4.68) <.001 <.001
Long-acting insulin  1.37 (−0.21–2.94) .081  4.33 (2.98–5.69) <.001 <.001
Rapid-acting insulin  0.38 (−0.83–1.60) .56  0.88 (0.35–1.42) .003 .24

Insulin products are additionally presented between 2010 and 2015 to examine qualitatively different trends during this time frame. Excluded from analysis are periods with insufficient data (DPP-4 inhibitors before 2008; GLP-1 receptor agonists before 2008 in age 30–64 years, before 2012 in age ≥ 65 years; rapid-acting insulin before 2008 in age ≥ 65 years).

a

Predicted using survey-weighted logistic regression for the outcome of use of the designated medication, with the 2-year period as a linear predictor.

b

The P-value of the β-coefficient for 2-year period in the logistic regression described above.

c

Comparing trends in younger and older adults as the P-value of the β-coefficient for the interaction term in survey-weighted logistic regression for the outcome of use of the designated medication, with predictors of 2-year period, age category, and their interaction.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DPP, dipeptidyl peptidase; GLP glucagon-like peptide; SGLT, sodium/glucose cotransporter.