Table 1.
Clinical Profile of Patients by History of Atrial Fibrillation and/or Atrial Flutter.
| Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No (n=64) | Yes (n=35) | P-value |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 67 (59 – 72) | 72 (68 – 81) | <0.001 |
| Women | 47 (73%) | 12 (34%) | <0.001 |
| White | 56 (87%) | 33 (94%) | |
| Black | 7 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.07 |
| Other | 1 (2%) | 2 (6%) | |
| New York Heart Association Class III/IV | 36 (56%) | 10 (29%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 58 (91%) | 30 (86%) | 0.68 |
| Coronary heart disease | 46 (72%) | 15 (43%) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (41%) | 8 (23%) | 0.12 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (17%) | 7 (20%) | 0.94 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 7 (11%) | 7 (20%) | 0.35 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 37 (61%) | 12 (34%) | 0.02 |
| Depression | 27 (42%) | 5 (14%) | 0.009 |
| AF/AFL on electrocardiogram | 0 (0%) | 14 (40%) | <0.001 |
| AF/AFL Type | - | ||
| New onset | - | 1 (3%) | |
| Paroxysmal | - | 13 (37%) | |
| Persistent/Permanent | - | 16 (46%) | |
| Unknown | - | 5 (14%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 127 (118 – 140) | 124 (118 – 141) | 0.76 |
| Heart Rate (bpm), median (IQR) | 68 (63 – 74) | 68 (62 – 75) | 0.48 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 35.4 (30.5 – 42.5) | 30.7 (26.8 – 35.8) | 0.003 |
| Edema | |||
| None | 27 (42%) | 13 (38%) | 0.61 |
| Trace/Mild | 28 (44%) | 18 (53%) | |
| Moderate/Severe | 9 (14%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Elevated jugular venous pressure | 18 (28%) | 12 (35%) | 0.62 |
| Orthopnea | 34 (53%) | 18 (51%) | 0.99 |
| Sodium (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 140 (139 – 142) | 140 (137 – 141) | 0.08 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.06 (0.86 – 1.30) | 1.09 (0.92 −1.29) | 0.68 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 13.3 (12.0 – 14.4) | 13.0 (12.2 −14.2) | 0.78 |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 154.1 (91.6 – 288.0) | 585.8 (291.1 – 1254.0) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiogram | |||
| Relative wall thickness, median (IQR) | 0.36 (0.30 – 0.44) | 0.38 (0.33 – 0.43) | 0.61 |
| Ejection Fraction (%), median (IQR) | 63 (56 – 65) | 61 (55 – 64) | 0.33 |
| Left atrial volume index (mL/m2), median (IQR) | 36.5 (29.6 – 43.2) | 41.4 (28.8 – 65.5) | 0.08 |
| Medial E/e’, median (IQR) | 12.6 (9.1 – 17.1) | 14.8 (10.6 – 18.3) | 0.27 |
| Right ventricular systolic pressure (mmHg) median (IQR) | 25 (21 – 29) | 27 (19 – 34) | 0.25 |
| Medications | |||
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/ Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 43 (67%) | 18 (51%) | 0.19 |
| Mineralocorticoid antagonist | 15 (23%) | 10 (29%) | 0.75 |
| Loop diuretic | 38 (59%) | 27 (77%) | 0.12 |
| Beta-blocker | 44 69%) | 26 (74%) | 0.73 |
| Amiodarone | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0.99 |
| Anticoagulant | 5 (8%) | 23 66%) | <0.001 |
AF/AFL = atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter; IQR= interquartile range