Table 2:
Multilevel model of factors associated with dying in hospital versus all other locations*
| Factor | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted† | Adjusted | |
| Patient-related | ||
| Age category, yr | ||
| 18–49 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| 50–54 | 1.40 (1.36 to 1.44) | 1.34 (1.30 to 1.38) |
| 55–59 | 1.54 (1.50 to 1.58) | 1.47 (1.43 to 1.51) |
| 60–64 | 1.70 (1.66 to 1.74) | 1.63 (1.59 to 1.67) |
| 65–69 | 1.88 (1.84 to 1.92) | 1.80 (1.76 to 1.84) |
| 70–74 | 1.98 (1.94 to 2.03) | 1.91 (1.86 to 1.95) |
| 75–79 | 1.92 (1.88 to 1.96) | 1.89 (1.85 to 1.93) |
| 80–84 | 1.71 (1.68 to 1.74) | 1.74 (1.70 to 1.78) |
| ≥ 85 | 1.15 (1.13 to 1.17) | 1.22 (1.20 to 1.25) |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| Women | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.86) | 0.88 (0.87 to 0.89) |
| Income quintile | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| 2 | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) |
| 3 | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.98) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.97) |
| 4 | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.94) | 0.92 (0.91 to 0.93) |
| 5 (highest) | 0.89 (0.88 to 0.90) | 0.88 (0.88 to 0.89) |
| Rural residence | ||
| No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| Yes | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.14) | 1.12 (1.11 to 1.13) |
| Cause of death | ||
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| Cancer | ||
| Lung | 2.16 (2.12 to 2.21) | 2.00 (1.96 to 2.04) |
| Colorectal | 1.76 (1.72 to 1.81) | 1.71 (1.66 to 1.75) |
| Hematologic | 3.59 (3.48 to 3.69) | 3.51 (3.41 to 3.61) |
| Breast | 1.65 (1.60 to 1.71) | 1.79 (1.73 to 1.85) |
| Prostate | 1.43 (1.38 to 1.48) | 1.31 (1.26 to 1.36) |
| Pancreas | 1.66 (1.60 to 1.72) | 1.60 (1.54 to 1.66) |
| Dementia and Alzheimer disease | 0.48 (0.47 to 0.50) | 0.55 (0.54 to 0.56) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2.35 (2.30 to 2.40) | 2.48 (2.43 to 2.53) |
| Chronic lower respiratory disease | 2.31 (2.25 to 2.37) | 2.28 (2.22 to 2.34) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) |
| Influenza, pneumonia | 3.35 (3.25 to 3.45) | 3.72 (3.61 to 3.83) |
| Diseases of urinary system | 3.60 (3.49 to 3.72) | 3.84 (3.72 to 3.97) |
| Falls | 4.21 (4.07 to 4.37) | 4.67 (4.50 to 4.84) |
| Heart failure | 1.92 (1.85 to 1.98) | 2.09 (2.02 to 2.17) |
| Cirrhosis and other liver diseases | 4.65 (4.47 to 4.85) | 4.64 (4.45 to 4.83) |
| Hypertensive disease | 0.75 (0.72 to 0.79) | 0.82 (0.79 to 0.86) |
| Intentional self-harm | 0.16 (0.15 to 0.18) | 0.19 (0.18 to 0.21) |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 2.66 (2.55 to 2.78) | 2.94 (2.82 to 3.07) |
| Sepsis | 8.90 (8.42 to 9.41) | 9.29 (8.78 to 9.82) |
| Year‡ | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.88) | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.82) |
| LHIN-related | ||
| Acute care bed capacity§ | ||
| Low | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| High | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, LHIN = Local Health Integration Network, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference category.
*
The sample size of 962 483 for this analysis reflects multilevel models performed on Oct. 25, 2018.
†
Accounts for clustering by LHIN.
‡
ORs reflect per 10-year unit change.
§
Defined using the median bed capacity per 100 000 population for the province over the study period. LHINs falling below and above the provincial median were classified as having “low acute care bed capacity” and “high acute care bed capacity”, respectively.