Table 1:
Main isoforms of Cathepsin B and their function
| Wild type or splice variant | Tumor/health tissue | Function | Localization |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main transcript (13 exons), | -COS cells(green monkey adherent fibroblasts[1]), -human cultured articular chondrocytes and polyclonal T/C-28a2 chondrocyte cell line[2], -human rheumatoid synovial tissue[3]; -human colon adenocarcinoma ( tumor and mucosa[4]) -human breast adenocarcinoma[5] -human melanoma[5] |
Cellular metabolism[6] | Lysosome[8] |
| Main transcript (11 exons lacking exons 2+3), | Enzyme, Cell death[7], Eukaryotic translation[1] | Mitochondria[9] Cytoplasm[10] or nuclei[1] | |
| Main transcript(12 exons) lacking exon 2 | Extracellular space[8, 9] |
References:
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C. Hizel, M. Ferrara, H. Cure, D. Pezet, P. Dechelotte, J. Chipponi, P. Rio, Y.J. Bignon, D. Bernard-Gallon, Evaluation of the 5’ spliced form of human cathepsin B mRNA in colorectal mucosa and tumors, Oncol Rep, 5 (1998) 31–34.
Q. Gong, S.J. Chan, A.S. Bajkowski, D.F. Steiner, A. Frankfater, Characterization of the cathepsin B gene and multiple mRNAs in human tissues: evidence for alternative splicing of cathepsin B pre-mRNA, DNA Cell Biol, 12 (1993) 299–309.
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F. Bestvater, C. Dallner, E. Spiess, The C-terminal subunit of artificially truncated human cathepsin B mediates its nuclear targeting and contributes to cell viability, BMC Cell Biol, 6 (2005) 16.
A. Baici, K. Muntener, A. Willimann, R. Zwicky, Regulation of human cathepsin B by alternative mRNA splicing: homeostasis, fatal errors and cell death, Biol Chem, 387 (2006) 1017–1021.
E. Olivotto, R. Vitellozzi, P. Fernandez, E. Falcieri, M. Battistelli, S. Burattini, A. Facchini, F. Flamigni, S. Santi, A. Facchini, R.M. Borzi, Chondrocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by GROalpha require three-dimensional interaction with the extracellular matrix and a co-receptor role of chondroitin sulfate and are associated with the mitochondrial splicing variant of cathepsin B, J Cell Physiol, 210 (2007) 417–427.
K. Muntener, R. Zwicky, G. Csucs, A. Baici, The alternative use of exons 2 and 3 in cathepsin B mRNA controls enzyme trafficking and triggers nuclear fragmentation in human cells, Histochem Cell Biol, 119 (2003) 93–101.