Table 2.
Age-adjusted prevalence (with 95% confidence interval) of hypertension according to race, NHANES 2011–16a.
| Characteristics | Non-Hispanic Whites | Non-Hispanic Blacks | Mexican-Americans | Other races/ethnicitiesb | In all races |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | |||||
| 20–44 | 24.6 (22.3–27.0) | 32.3 (29.5–35.2) | 22.3 (19.5–25.4) | 21.2 (18.6–24.0) | 24.7 (23.0–26.4) |
| 45–54 | 47.8 (43.3–52.4) | 68.3 (63.9–72.4) | 49.0 (43.2–54.7) | 46.4 (42.6–50.3) | 50.1 (47.3–53.0) |
| 55–64 | 63.8 (60.4–67.1) | 83.8 (80.5–86.7) | 66.1 (60.1–71.5) | 65.6 (61.0–70.0) | 66.3 (63.8–68.8) |
| ≥65 | 75.8 (73.1–78.4) | 89.7 (87.3–91.8) | 79.8 (73.1–85.2) | 80.9 (77.3–84.1) | 77.7 (75.3–79.8) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 49.3 (46.9–51.7) | 60.9 (58.9–62.9) | 48.2 (45.3–51.2) | 49.1 (46.6–51.7) | 50.2 (48.4–51.9) |
| Female | 42.0 (40.1–43.9) | 57.4 (55.2–59.7) | 43.6 (41.3–46.0) | 41.6 (39.4–43.8) | 43.7 (42.3–45.1) |
| Cholesterol level (in mg/dl) | |||||
| Normal (<200) | 40.3 (37.9–42.8) | 56.0 (53.9–58.2) | 39.4 (37.0–42.0) | 41.3 (38.2–44.5) | 42.2 (40.4–44.1) |
| Borderline (200–239) | 44.4 (41.4–47.4) | 55.6 (52.1–59.1) | 45.7 (40.0–51.6) | 44.9 (41.2–48.6) | 45.2 (42.9–47.5) |
| High (≥240) | 57.9 (54.3–61.5) | 73.5 (68.3–78.1) | 59.1 (53.4–64.7) | 56.2 (52.1–60.3) | 59.2 (56.3–61.9) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (in mg/dl) | |||||
| Normal | 42.0 (40.1–43.9) | 56.6 (54.6–58.5) | 44.8 (42.2–47.4) | 43.0 (41.0–45.1) | 43.8 (42.4–45.2) |
| Low (<40 for men & <50 for women) | 53.8 (51.5–56.1) | 64.9 (62.0–67.8) | 47.1 (43.2–51.0) | 49.4 (46.7–52.1) | 53.2 (51.5–54.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| No | 43.7 (42.0–45.4) | 56.4 (54.6–58.3) | 42.8 (40.9–44.8) | 43.0 (40.9–45.1) | 44.6 (43.3–45.9) |
| Yes | 58.7 (53.8–63.4) | 74.1 (69.2–78.5) | 65.5 (60.4–70.3) | 61.5 (56.4–66.3) | 62.2 (58.9–65.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus status | |||||
| No | 42.8 (40.9–44.6) | 56.3 (54.1–58.4) | 42.5 (40.0–44.9) | 42.6 (40.4–44.8) | 43.9 (42.6–45.3) |
| Prediabetes | 54.1 (46.8–61.1) | 64.8 (53.2–74.9) | 52.0 (41.7–62.1) | 57.2 (51.8–62.4) | 55.8 (50.8–60.6) |
| Diabetes | 73.9 (67.8–79.2) | 76.9 (68.8–83.4) | 65.8 (58.6–72.4) | 57.5 (49.8–64.8) | 70.2 (66.3–73.8) |
| Body mass index (in kg/m2) | |||||
| Normal/underweight (<25) | 32.4 (30.0–34.8) | 49.7 (46.8–52.6) | 32.8 (28.0–38.1) | 36.8 (33.7–40.0) | 34.6 (32.8–36.5) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 44.7 (42.4–46.9) | 53.9 (51.7–56.1) | 42.3 (39.0–45.6) | 44.0 (41.8–46.1) | 44.9 (43.3–46.5) |
| Obese (≥30) | 57.9 (55.6–60.0) | 67.3 (64.9–69.6) | 53.1 (50.0–56.1) | 57.1 (53.4–60.7) | 58.2 (56.6–59.7) |
| Family income to poverty ratio | |||||
| <2 | 47.8 (45.3–50.4) | 60.4 (58.2–62.7) | 47.2 (44.7–49.7) | 46.1 (43.9–48.3) | 49.5 (48.1–50.9) |
| ≥2 | 45.2 (43.2–47.2) | 57.7 (55.3–60.0) | 44.5 (41.1–47.9) | 43.9 (41.0–47.0) | 45.8 (44.3–47.3) |
| Number of health care visits within the past year | |||||
| 0 | 42.6 (37.4–47.9) | 58.5 (53.8–63.1) | .40.8 (36.4–45.3) | 40.4 (35.3–45.8) | 43.2 (39.8–46.7) |
| 1–3 | 44.4 (42.7–46.2) | 58.1 (56.5–59.7) | 46.7 (44.0–49.5) | 44.5 (42.0–47.0) | 46.0 (44.6–47.4) |
| ≥4 | 50.4 (46.9–53.9) | 64.1 (60.1–67.9) | 49.8 (44.2–55.4) | 48.9 (44.5–53.3) | 51.4 (48.7–54.1) |
| 10-yr CVD risk categories | |||||
| Low | 36.1 (33.9–38.3) | 51.6 (48.3–54.8) | 39.7 (36.9–42.6) | 36.0 (33.5–38.7) | 37.3 (35.6–39.0) |
| High | 63.0 (56.3–69.2) | 85.7 (78.9–90.6) | 61.5 (49.3–72.5) | 68.6 (59.2–76.7) | 67.4 (62.7–71.8) |
| Overall | 45.7 (44.1–47.3) | 59.0 (57.4–60.6) | 46.1 (43.8–48.3) | 45.2 (43.3–47.2) | 46.9 (45.8–48.1) |
Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease, NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a
If the systolic/diastolic blood pressure cutoff was ≥130/80 mmHg or a person reported taking antihypertensive medication. This includes both stages 1 and 2 hypertension.
b
Other races/ethnicities include non-Hispanic Asians, other Hispanics, and other races including multi-races.