Table 3.
Age-adjusted proportion (with 95% confidence interval) of individuals require antihypertensive medication with characteristics stratified by race, NHANES 2011–16a.
| Characteristics | Non-Hispanic Whites | Non-Hispanic Blacks | Mexican-Americans | Other races/ethnicitiesb | In all races |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | |||||
| 20-44 | 12.2 (10.5-14.0) | 19.3 (17.1-21.6) | 11.2 (9.3-13.5) | 10.1 (8.6-11.8) | 12.6 (11.4-13.9) |
| 45-54 | 32.4 (28.6-36.4) | 53.4 (48.9-57.9) | 32.4 (26.3-39.3) | 33.0 (29.5-36.8) | 34.9 (32.3-37.7) |
| 55-64 | 55.0 (51.0-59.0) | 77.0 (73.0-80.5) | 57.1 (50.6-63.3) | 55.4 (50.7-60.0) | 57.6 (54.6-60.5) |
| ≥65 | 75.1 (72.4-77.6) | 89.2 (86.5-91.5) | 79.8 (73.1-85.2) | 80.6 (76.8-83.8) | 77.0 (74.7-79.2) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 37.7 (35.7-39.8) | 48.9 (46.9-50.8) | 36.0 (32.6-39.5) | 37.3 (35.1-39.5) | 38.4 (36.9-40.1) |
| Female | 33.6 (32.0-35.3) | 49.5 (47.4-51.6) | 37.1 (34.6-39.7) | 34.9 (32.8-37.1) | 35.8 (34.5-37.2) |
| Cholesterol level (in mg/dl) | |||||
| Normal (<200) | 31.1 (28.9-33.5) | 45.7 (43.0-48.3) | 30.7 (28.0-33.6) | 33.2 (30.5-36.0) | 33.2 (31.5-35.0) |
| Borderline (200-239) | 32.7 (29.8-35.7) | 43.9 (41.3-46.5) | 35.0 (28.9-41.5) | 33.5 (30.5-36.7) | 33.6 (31.4-35.8) |
| High (≥240) | 48.5 (44.8-52.2) | 64.3 (59.3-69.0) | 47.3 (41.7-52.9) | 45.9 (41.7-50.2) | 49.3 (46.2-52.3) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (in mg/dl) | |||||
| Normal | 32.6 (30.7-34.6) | 46.5 (44.5-48.6) | 35.3 (32.6-38.1) | 33.4 (31.6-35.3) | 34.3 (32.8-35.8) |
| Low (<40 for men & <50 for women) | 43.0 (40.4-45.6) | 55.8 (52.6-59.0) | 38.8 (35.6-42.1) | 41.4 (38.4-44.5) | 43.5 (41.6-45.4) |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| No | 32.7 (31.3-34.2) | 45.2 (43.3-47.0) | 32.2 (30.0-34.5) | 32.8 (31.0-34.8) | 33.8 (32.6-35.0) |
| Yes | 58.7 (53.8-63.4) | 74.1 (69.2-78.5) | 65.5 (60.4-70.3) | 61.5 (56.4-66.3) | 62.2 (58.9-65.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus status | |||||
| No | 31.7 (30.1-33.3) | 45.0 (43.1-47.0) | 31.6 (28.9-34.3) | 32.4 (30.3-34.6) | 33.0 (31.7-34.2) |
| Prediabetes | 54.1 (46.8-61.1) | 64.8 (53.2-74.9) | 52.0 (41.7-62.1) | 57.2 (51.8-62.4) | 55.8 (50.8-60.6) |
| Diabetes | 68.0 (60.7-74.5) | 72.5 (64.7-79.0) | 55.8 (49.2-62.3) | 51.5 (43.7-59.2) | 63.9 (59.5-68.0) |
| Body mass index (in kg/m2) | |||||
| Normal/underweight (<25) | 24.5 (22.5-26.7) | 40.3 (37.7-43.0) | 25.4 (20.9-30.6) | 28.7 (26.1-31.5) | 26.6 (25.0-28.2) |
| Overweight (25-29.9) | 33.4 (31.9-35.0) | 43.4 (41.0-45.8) | 32.8 (29.2-36.6) | 35.0 (32.7-37.4) | 34.3 (33.1-35.6) |
| Obese (≥30) | 46.2 (44.2-48.1) | 57.5 (55.2-59.7) | 42.9 (39.7-46.1) | 45.9 (42.7-49.2) | 47.1 (45.6-48.7) |
| Family income to poverty ratio | |||||
| <2 | 39.6 (37.5-41.8) | 51.1 (49.1-53.0) | 37.0 (34.0-40.0) | 37.8 (35.4-40.2) | 40.8 (39.4-42.2) |
| ≥2 | 34.4 (32.6-36.2) | 47.8 (45.6-50.0) | 35.7 (33.0-38.6) | 34.2 (31.6-36.8) | 35.3 (33.9-36.8) |
| Number of health care visits within the past year | |||||
| 0 | 29.1 (25.2-33.4) | 42.3 (39.1-45.8) | 30.6 (25.7-35.9) | 27.7 (22.5-33.6) | 30.1 (27.1-33.2) |
| 1-3 | 34.6 (32.9-36.3) | 49.1 (47.4-50.8) | 36.6 (33.9-39.3) | 35.9 (33.7-38.2) | .36.5 (35.1-37.9) |
| ≥4 | 42.5 (39.4-45.7) | 58.2 (54.0-62.3) | 45.6 (39.9-51.5) | 42.8 (38.9-46.7) | 44.2 (41.7-46.7) |
| 10-yr CVD risk categories | |||||
| Low | 23.7 (21.7-25.8) | 37.6 (33.5-41.9) | 28.5 (25.1-32.2) | 24.8 (22.1-27.8) | 25.0 (23.3-26.7) |
| High | 63.0 (56.3-69.2) | 85.7 (78.9-90.6) | 61.5 (49.3-72.5) | 68.6 (59.2-76.7) | 67.4 (62.7-71.8) |
| Overall | 35.7 (34.3-37.2) | 49.3 (47.7-50.8) | 36.6 (34.1-39.2) | 36.0 (34.3-37.8) | 37.2 (36.0-38.3) |
Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease, NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a
Individuals with stage 2 hypertension, stage 1 hypertension with diabetes, chronic kidney disease or high CVD risk, and systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg with ≥65 years of age were considered as treatment-eligible for hypertension.
b
Other races/ethnicities include non-Hispanic Asians, other Hispanics, and other races including multi-races.