Table 4.
Age-adjusted proportion (with 95% confidence interval) of untreated hypertensive adults among who have antihypertensive treatment indication per characteristics stratified by race, NHANES 2011–16a.
| Characteristics | Non-Hispanic Whites | Non-Hispanic Blacks | Mexican-Americans | Other races/ethnicitiesb | In all races |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | |||||
| 20-44 | 48.6 (42.1-55.1) | 47.9 (41.9-53.9) | 58.1 (48.7-67.0) | 65.7 (58.1-72.6) | 51.9 (47.6-56.2) |
| 45-54 | 37.2 (31.2-43.7) | 28.3 (22.0-35.6) | 50.0 (39.8-60.2) | 44.2 (36.5-52.2) | 37.5 (33.4-41.7) |
| 55-64 | 29.1 (24.9-33.6) | 24.2 (19.7-29.3) | 30.2 (22.8-38.8) | 34.1 (28.2-40.5) | 29.0 (25.9-32.2) |
| ≥65 | 27.0 (23.6-30.7) | 22.1 (19.2-25.2) | 30.8 (26.5-35.6) | 29.8 (26.0-33.8) | 27.0 (24.3-29.8) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 45.9 (41.5-50.2) | 42.9 (38.0-48.0) | 56.4 (49.1-63.5) | 52.9 (47.9-57.7) | 47.3 (44.4-50.3) |
| Female | 29.5 (25.0-34.4) | 28.7 (24.9-32.8) | 34.8 (27.2-43.2) | 45.4 (39.4-51.5) | 32.3 (29.2-35.5) |
| Cholesterol level (in mg/dl) | |||||
| Normal (<200) | 41.4 (36.5-46.5) | 37.8 (33.7-42.0) | 47.4 (39.1-55.8) | 56.8 (50.3-63.0) | 43.2 (39.9-46.6) |
| Borderline (200-239) | 49.4 (41.2-57.7) | 49.2 (42.0-56.4) | 55.5 (43.9-66.6) | 56.9 (49.9-63.6) | 50.8 (45.3-56.3) |
| High (≥240) | 28.2 (24.2-32.7) | 17.8 (13.0-24.0) | 39.1 (28.8-50.5) | 40.1 (30.4-50.5) | 29.4 (26.0-33.0) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (in mg/dl) | |||||
| Normal | 41.3 (36.7-46.0) | 37.2 (33.6-40.9) | 51.9 (44.0-59.8) | 52.7 (47.8-57.7) | 43.0 (39.9-46.1) |
| Low (<40 for men & <50 for women) | 34.2 (28.7-40.2) | 28.3 (23.6-33.5) | 37.8 (30.8-45.4) | 44.4 (37.9-51.1) | 35.4 (31.6-39.4) |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| No | 36.3 (32.3-40.6) | 33.8 (30.6-37.2) | 43.6 (37.8-49.7) | 48.4 (44.2-52.7) | 38.3 (35.4-41.2) |
| Yes | 53.7 (46.9-60.3) | 40.3 (35.9-44.8) | 51.5 (42.7-60.1) | 52.9 (43.9-61.6) | 50.2 (46.5-54.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus status | |||||
| No | 41.9 (38.2-45.7) | 40.7 (38.0-43.5) | 53.7 (46.7-60.6) | 57.2 (52.9-61.4) | 44.6 (42.3-47.0) |
| Prediabetes | 40.3 (30.9-50.5) | 38.8 (28.6-50.1) | 53.3 (38.2-67.8) | 42.4 (30.8-54.9) | 41.1 (34.7-47.9) |
| Diabetes | 25.1 (16.0-37.2) | 17.5 (11.4-25.9) | 28.5 (19.5-39.8) | 27.2 (14.5-45.2) | 24.2 (18.6-30.8) |
| Body mass index (in kg/m2) | |||||
| Normal/underweight (<25) | 47.4 (36.7-58.3) | 55.9 (47.1-64.4) | 61.4 (40.5-78.8) | 58.8 (52.2-65.1) | 51.2 (43.8-58.5) |
| Overweight (25-29.9) | 42.0 (34.6-49.7) | 31.4 (24.3-39.5) | 59.0 (46.5-70.4) | 54.4 (47.6-61.0) | 43.9 (39.0-49.0) |
| Obese (≥30) | 34.9 (31.0-39.1) | 31.6 (28.2-35.2) | 39.4 (33.0-46.2) | 42.7 (36.4-49.2) | 35.7 (33.1-38.3) |
| Family income to poverty ratio | |||||
| <2 | 41.3 (36.6-46.1) | 35.9 (30.6-41.6) | 48.9 (40.3-57.6) | 51.6 (47.1-56.1) | 42.3 (39.4-45.3) |
| ≥2 | 38.0 (33.3-42.9) | 34.7 (30.5-39.2) | 43.4 (33.8-53.5) | 48.5 (42.0-54.9) | 39.2 (35.7-42.8) |
| Number of health care visits within the past year | |||||
| 0 | 82.1 (72.8-88.7) | 85.3 (75.4-91.6) | 92.4 (84.5-96.4) | 87.2 (77.4-93.1) | 87.2 (77.4-93.1) |
| 1-3 | 38.1 (33.3-43.1) | 32.6 (29.3-36.0) | 39.7 (32.0-47.9) | 47.0 (42.3-51.9) | 47.0 (42.3-51.9) |
| ≥4 | 25.2 (20.2-30.8) | 21.3 (16.1-27.7) | 25.0 (14.6-39.2) | 33.9 (26.3-42.5) | 33.9 (26.3- 42.5) |
| 10-yr CVD risk categories | |||||
| Low | 41.1 (35.4-47.0) | 34.8 (30.6-39.2) | 48.3 (41.1-55.5) | 52.1 (46.4-57.8) | 42.6 (38.9-46.4) |
| High | 36.7 (26.2-48.7) | 25.2 (17.3-35.1) | 43.8 (28.1-60.8) | 52.2 (43.0-61.3) | 37.6 (31.6-43.9) |
| Overall | 38.9 (35.3-42.6) | 35.1 (32.4-37.9) | 46.5 (42.0-51.0) | 49.3 (45.5-53.0) | 40.4 (38.0-42.8) |
Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease, NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a
Individuals with stage 2 hypertension, stage 1 hypertension with diabetes, chronic kidney disease or high CVD risk, and systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg with ≥65 years of age were considered as treatment-eligible for hypertension.
b
Other races/ethnicities include non-Hispanic Asians, other Hispanics, and other races including multi-races.