Table 3.
Prevalence estimates of chronic comorbid diseases with a total prevalence >1.5%, sorted by total prevalence
| Comorbidity | Total prevalence (%) | Prevalence in males (%) | Prevalence in females (%) | Odds ratio female sex (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 20.1 | 18.0 | 21.6 | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) |
| Osteoarthritis | 11.5 | 8.4 | 13.7 | 1.80 (1.66–1.95) |
| Eczema | 11.5 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) |
| Dyspepsia, gastro-oesophageal reflux | 10.7 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) |
| COPD | 9.5 | 10.7 | 8.6 | 0.72 (0.67–0.78) |
| Diabetes | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) |
| Dyslipidemia | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
| Chronic sinusitis | 6.6 | 4.7 | 7.9 | 1.73 (1.57–1.90) |
| Obesity | 6.5 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 1.88 (1.70–2.07) |
| Coronary heart disease | 6.5 | 8.3 | 5.3 | 0.52 (0.48–0.58) |
| Blindness and low vision | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 1.05 (0.94–1.16) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 5.4 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 2.84 (2.53–3.20) |
| Thyroid disorder | 5.1 | 1.6 | 7.4 | 5.00 (4.32–5.80) |
| Anxiety | 4.9 | 3.2 | 6.0 | 1.96 (1.75–2.19) |
| Depression | 4.6 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 2.05 (1.83–2.31) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4.4 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 1.30 (1.16–1.47) |
| Hearing loss | 4.0 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 0.67 (0.60–0.75) |
| Stroke and transient ischaemic attack | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) |
| Psoriasis | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) |
| Skin cancer | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) |
| Osteoporosis/osteopenia | 2.9 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 4.14 (3.44–4.98) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 0.68 (0.59–0.78) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory polyarthritis and systemic connective tissue disorders | 2.2 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 1.64 (1.40–1.93) |
| Diverticular disease of intestine | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.15 (0.98–1.34) |
| Migraine | 2.1 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 4.39 (3.54–5.44) |
| Prostate disorders | 2.0 | 4.9 | – | – |
| Personality disorder | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.40 (1.18–1.65) |
| Heart failure | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.85 (0.72–1.02) |
| Recurrent urinary tract infection | 1.8 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 9.13 (6.64–12.55) |
| Other chronic skin disease/neoplasm | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.16 (0.97–1.37) |
| Heart valve disease | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) |
| Alcohol problems | 1.7 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 0.38 (0.32–0.45) |
| Bronchiectasis/chronic bronchitis | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) |
| Breast cancer | 1.6 | 0.0 | 2.6 | – |
CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Odds ratios were adjusted for age. Odds ratios marked bold were statistically significant