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. 2019 Apr 29;9:6637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43246-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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WNV surveillance reveals mosquito trapping bias and greater infection rates in Cx. tarsalis. (A) Gravid trap yields of Cx. tarsalis (red) and Cx. pipiens group (blue) show significant trap bias toward collecting container-breeding Cx. pipiens group mosquitoes. Mean annual minimum infection rates (MIR) of Cx. tarsalis and Cx. pipiens group collected from gravid traps (B). Only two years of substantial Cx. tarsalis yields were collected as a result of this trapping bias, resulting in a large margin of error (B). In contrast, CDC trap yields of Cx. tarsalis (red) and Cx. pipiens group (blue) showed a more even sampling of the two vectors (C), in which the mean annual MIR of Cx. tarsalis were significantly higher in CDC trap collections (D). The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed test was used to test for differences between groups. Significant differences are indicated by asterisks (**P < 0.01). ns, not significant.