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. 2019 Apr 29;9:6628. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43147-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The cut stalagmite SKK 16 5 (photo taken by MCS). SKK 16 was sampled for U-series dating (red dotted line, unsuccessful analyses) and DNA analysis (green, dotted line if unsuccessful analysis), which include samples from the stalagmites as well as the incorporated bones (SKK 7 and 12 from cortical bone and SKK 10 from trabecular bone). Similar to SKK 16 3, stalagmite SKK 16 5 was also partially cut open with a rock saw and then broken open (left of the blue dashed line) and both contexts were sampled. Note the brown colour of the speleothem, indicating the presence of detrital clay, which impeded the U-series dating. However, each sample gave aDNA reads.