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. 2019 Apr 29;9(5):192. doi: 10.1007/s13205-019-1725-5

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Schematic representation of some action mechanisms of membrane-active AMPs. Red color shows hydrophilic part while blue indicates the hydrophobic portions. a Carpet model. The hydrophobic sides of AMP molecules facing inward make pores in the membrane. b Toroidal pore model. AMPs are always in contact with phospholipid head groups of the membrane (Bahar and Ren 2013)