Table 1. Characteristics of patients and controls.
| BPPV | Controls | P‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 174 | 348 | |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 61 (54–69) | 61 (54–69) | NS |
| Sex-female, n (%) | 102 (58.6) | 204 (58.6) | NS |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 25.8 (24.3–27.4) | 26.0 (24.4–27.6) | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 125 (115–135) | 123 (114–130) | NS |
| Diastolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 80 (75–86) | 78 (72–85) | NS |
| Including season-winter, n (%) | 51 (29.3) | 105 (30.2) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 25 (14.4) | 55 (15.8) | NS |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 31 (17.8) | 66 (19.0) | NS |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 44 (25.3) | 94 (27.0) | NS |
| Smoking, n (%) | 28 (16.1) | 53 (15.2) | NS |
| Drinking, n (%) | 19 (10.9) | 35 (10.1) | NS |
| Regular exercise habit, n (%) | 21 (12.1) | 40 (11.5) | NS |
| VAS score median (IQR) | 4 (1–6) | – | |
| 25(OH) D, ng/ml | 18.2 (12.7–24.3) | 21.8 (18.3–27.6) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D deficiency, n (%)† | 108 (62.1) | 149 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D insufficiency, n (%)† | 42 (24.1) | 132 (37.9) | 0.002 |
| Vitamin D sufficiency, n (%)† | 24 (13.8) | 67 (19.3) | 0.12 |
| Different semicircular canals, n (%) | – | ||
| Posterior | 122 (70.1) | ||
| Horizontal | 45 (25.9) | ||
| Anterior | 7 (4.0) |
‡
the P-value was tested by Mann–Whitney U-test or χ2 test.
†
The 25(OH) D levels are therefore used to classify the vitamin D status into vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml), vitamin D insufficiency (20–29 ng/ml) and vitamin D sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/ml).
Abbreviation: DM: diabetes mellitus.