Table 1.
Aetiology of RSM
| – Genetic factors | 3 − 5% |
| – Anatomical factors | } 1 − 28% |
| – Cervical incompetence | |
| – Infective factors | |
| – Endocrine factors | |
| Thyroid dysfunction | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |
| Luteal phase deficiency | |
| PCOS | |
| – Autoimmune factors/APS1 | |
| Thrombophilic defects | |
| (congenital thrombophilias) | |
| Antithrombin III deficiency | |
| Protein C/protein S deficiency | |
| Activated protein C resistance | |
| Factor V Leiden | |
| Prothrombin G20210A | |
| MTHFR C677T polymorphisms | |
| – Alloimmune factors1 | |
| – Unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage | 40–60% |
| – Other aetiological factors | |
| Environmental factors/occupational factors | |
| Obesity | |
| Personal habits | |
| Smoking | |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| Caffeine |
1
Immune-related aetiological factors.