Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of sample by sex
| Variable | Men | Women | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment assignment, N (%) | 0.8197 | ||
| DSE | 1,038 (49.9) | 1,537 (50.2) | |
| Lifestyle intervention | 1,044 (50.1) | 1,526 (49.8) | |
| Age (years) | 59.93 (0.15) | 57.91 (0.12) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| African American/Black (not Hispanic) | 189 (9.08) | 615 (20.1) | |
| American Indian/Native American/Alaskan Native | 55 (2.64) | 203 (6.63) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 16 (0.77) | 34 (1.11) | |
| White | 1,584 (76.1) | 1,668 (54.5) | |
| Hispanic | 197 (9.46) | 483 (15.8) | |
| Other/mixed | 41 (1.97) | 59 (1.93) | |
| Prior CVD, N (%) | 439 (21.1) | 275 (8.98) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.18 (0.12) | 36.46 (0.11) | <0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 118.5 (0.29) | 110.8 (0.24) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin use, N (%) | 389 (18.7) | 5 90 (19.3) | 0.6040 |
| HbA1c (% [mmol/mol]) | 7.26 [56] (0.03) | 7.29 [56] (0.02) | 0.4383 |
| Antihypertensive use, N (%) | 1,588 (76.3) | 2,253 (73.6) | 0.0292 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.5 (0.36) | 129.0 (0.32) | 0.2573 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.21 (0.20) | 68.05 (0.17) | <0.0001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, N (%) | 1,238 (59.5) | 1,384 (45.2) | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 107.0 (0.68) | 115.9 (0.60) | <0.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 38.04 (0.20) | 47.20 (0.22) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.1 (0.80) | 197.1 (0.69) | <0.0001 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 191.5 (2.75) | 175.0 (2.00) | <0.0001 |
| ABI outside normal range (<0.9 or >1.3), N (%) | 391 (18.8) | 272 (8.88) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Never | 782 (37.7) | 1,795 (58.7) | |
| Former | 1,198 (57.7) | 1,132 (37.0) | |
| Current | 95 (4.58) | 132 (4.32) | |
| Maximal METs achieved | 7.95 (0.05) | 6.67 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
| HRT use, N (%) | NA | 501 (16.4) | <0.0001 |
| BDI | 4.87 (0.10) | 6.21 (0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Cognitive-affective subscale | 1.98 (2.79 | 2.53 (3.08) | <0.0001 |
| Somatic subscale | 2.89 (2.37) | 3.67 (2.74) | <0.0001 |
| BDI ≥10, N (%) | 283 (13.6) | 649 (21.3) | <0.0001 |
| ADM use, N (%) | 253 (12.6) | 595 (20.1) | <0.0001 |
| Type of ADM used, N (%) | 0.4214 | ||
| SSRI | 149 (55.6) | 378 (57.8) | |
| TCA | 52 (19.4) | 124 (19.0) | |
| SNDRI | 34 (12.7) | 57 (8.7) | |
| SNRI | 17 (6.3) | 49 (7.5) | |
| SerMod | 16 (6.0) | 46 (7.0) |
Data are mean (SE) unless otherwise indicated. ABI, ankle-brachial index; DSE, diabetes support and education; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; NA, not applicable; SerMod, serotonin modulator; SNDRI, serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Among AMD users, 1.34% of men and 4.07% of women were taking two types of ADM; 0.44% of men and 0.49% of women were taking three types of ADM.