Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 2,615) | South Asian (n = 747) | Caucasian (n = 745) | Chinese American (n = 244) | African American (n = 394) | Hispanic (n = 485) | P value overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61 ± 10 | 57 ± 9 | 63 ± 10 | 62 ± 10 | 62 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1,310 (50.10) | 386 (51.7) | 383 (51.4) | 128 (52.5) | 170 (43.2) | 243 (50.1) | 0.05 |
| Study site | <0.001 | ||||||
| NWU (MASALA) | 329 (12.6) | 329 (44.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| UCSF | 418 (16.0) | 418 (56.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| WFU | 393 (15.0) | 0 | 226 (30.3) | 0 | 167 (42.4) | 0 | |
| COL | 384 (14.7) | 0 | 77 (10.3) | 2 (0.8) | 118 (30.0) | 187 (38.6) | |
| JHU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| UMN | 380 (14.5) | 0 | 213 (28.6) | 0 | 0 | 167 (34.4) | |
| NWU (MESA) | 379 (14.5) | 0 | 180 (24.2) | 119 (48.8) | 80 (20.3) | 0 | |
| UCLA | 332 (12.7) | 0 | 49 (6.6) | 123 (50.4) | 29 (7.4) | 131 (27.0) | |
| Current smoker | 264 (10.1) | 25 (3.4) | 90 (12.1) | 12 (4.9) | 74 (18.8) | 63 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use ≥1 drink/week | 1,210 (46.6) | 244 (32.7) | 486 (66.0) | 55 (22.7) | 188 (48.1) | 237 (49.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | <0.001 | ||||||
| Normal blood glucose | 1,814 (69.4) | 416 (55.7) | 607 (81.5) | 174 (71.3) | 278 (70.6) | 339 (69.9) | |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 439 (16.8) | 178 (23.8) | 95 (12.8) | 45 (18.4) | 51 (12.9) | 70 (14.4) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | 362 (13.8) | 153 (20.5) | 43 (5.8) | 25 (10.2) | 65 (16.5) | 76 (15.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.9 | 25.9 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 4.7 | 24.3 ± 3.0 | 29.5 ± 5.3 | 29.4 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.3 ± 13.0 | 92.6 ± 10.1 | 98.5 ± 13.8 | 87.2 ± 9.2 | 99.9 ± 14.2 | 100.4 ± 12.7 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 103.8 ± 10.2 | 102.6 ± 8.4 | 105.0 ± 10.0 | 94.9 ± 6.4 | 108.2 ± 11.6 | 104.8 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127 ± 20 | 126 ± 16 | 125 ± 20 | 124 ± 21 | 133 ± 22 | 127 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73 ± 10 | 73 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 72 ± 9 | 75 ± 11 | 72 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1,168 (44.7) | 322 (43.1) | 311 (41.7) | 95 (38.9) | 232 (58.9) | 208 (42.9) | <0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 51 ± 14 | 51 ± 13 | 52 ± 16 | 50 ± 13 | 54 ± 16 | 48 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 134 ± 78 | 132 ± 73 | 139 ± 84 | 137 ± 90 | 99 ± 55 | 154 ± 79 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 99 ± 28 | 104 ± 25 | 91 ± 17 | 98 ± 26 | 97 ± 27 | 104 ± 40 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.81 ± 3.66 | 3.49 ± 5.95 | 2.32 ± 1.99 | 2.32 ± 1.60 | 2.62 ± 2.33 | 2.98 ± 2.59 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-β | 130.66 ± 94.65 | 121.78 ± 88.33 | 140.11 ± 84.07 | 116.98 ± 76.25 | 131.44 ± 132.24 | 135.27 ± 88.98 | <0.001 |
| Body composition | |||||||
| Abdominal visceral fat area (cm2) | 144 ± 65 | 136 ± 56 | 158 ± 75 | 116 ± 49 | 126 ± 58 | 163 ± 65 | <0.001 |
| Hepatic fat attenuation (HUs) | 60 ± 13 | 55 ± 11 | 62 ± 13 | 62 ± 12 | 66 ± 10 | 60 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Abdominal intermuscular fat area (cm2) | 24 ± 11 | 22 ± 9 | 28 ± 12 | 19 ± 8 | 21 ± 12 | 26 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Pericardial fat volume (cm3) | 74 ± 39 | 59 ± 29 | 87 ± 46 | 75 ± 30 | 63 ± 30 | 87 ± 42 | <0.001 |
| Adipokines | |||||||
| Total adiponectin (ng/mL) | 18.4 ± 12.5 | 12.2 ± 6.7 | 24.1 ± 14.1 | 17.1 ± 12.7 | 18.3 ± 12.5 | 19.8 ± 11.7 | <0.001 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | 17.9 ± 9.9 | 21.7 ± 12.2 | 16.0 ± 5.3 | 18.1 ± 13.9 | 16.2 ± 6.8 | 15.1 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
Data are means ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated. COL, Columbia University; HOMA-IR, HOMA of insulin resistance; JHU, Johns Hopkins University; UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles; UMN, University of Minnesota; WFU, Wake Forest University.