Table 3.
The clinical multivariable Cox models for macroalbuminuria (A) and reduced eGFR (B)
| Variable type** | HR | 95% CI | z | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Incident macroalbuminuria (AIC = 1907.30, χ2 = 836.85, df = 11) | |||||
| Time-dependent AER (mg/24 h)* | C | 1.320 | 1.283–1.358 | 19.3112 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (male) | B | 2.420 | 1.696–3.454 | 4.8721 | <0.0001 |
| Updated mean HbA1c (%) | M | 1.462 | 1.233–1.734 | 4.3738 | <0.0001 |
| Time-dependent β-adrenergic receptor antagonist use | C | 1.943 | 1.047–3.607 | 2.1075 | 0.0350 |
| B. Incident reduced eGFR (AIC = 1866.47, χ2 = 774.35, df = 12) | |||||
| Lower eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | C | 1.114 | 1.101–1.127 | 15.7785 | <0.0001 |
| AER (mg/24 h)* | C | 1.054 | 1.037–1.072 | 6.2173 | <0.0001 |
| Updated mean HbA1c (%) | M | 1.412 | 1.220–1.634 | 4.6391 | <0.0001 |
| Pulse (bpm) | C | 1.020 | 1.007–1.033 | 3.0332 | 0.0024 |
| Time-dependent systolic BP (mmHg) | C | 1.011 | 1.003–1.020 | 2.7156 | 0.0066 |
| Age (years) | C | 1.030 | 1.006–1.054 | 2.5121 | 0.0119 |
| Time-dependent calcium channel blockers | C | 1.564 | 1.067–2.294 | 2.2932 | 0.0218 |
| Abstinence from alcohol | C | 1.385 | 1.012–1.896 | 2.0368 | 0.0416 |
| Lower insulin dose (units/kg/day) | C | 1.664 | 0.932–2.970 | 1.7221 | 0.0850 |
| Updated mean triglycerides (mg/dL)* | M | 1.054 | 0.983–1.131 | 1.4989 | 0.1338 |
| Hypoglycemia requiring assistance | C | 1.026 | 0.977–1.077 | 1.0439 | 0.2965 |
| Hypertension | C | 1.252 | 0.781–2.007 | 0.9351 | 0.3497 |
With HR denoting the HR per 1 unit change in a quantitative risk factor (such as systolic BP), the HR per x units change in that risk factor is HR^x, where ^ denotes “to the power of.”
P values ≤0.05 are reported in boldface type.
*Per 20% increase.
**Model shown as a function of fixed (baseline, B) and time-dependent covariates, the latter either the current value (C) or mean from baseline (M). Neither AER nor eGFR were excluded from consideration in the models.