Table 1.
Baseline characteristics as a function of the median of adiponectin levels
| All n = 197 |
Adiponectin < 3.5 µg/mL n = 98 |
Adiponectin ≥ 3.5 µg/mL n = 99 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 4.1 ± 2.6 (3.5) | 2.5 ± 0.6 (2.6) | 5.7 ± 2.8 (5.0) | NA |
| Age (years) | 64 ± 8 | 62 ± 9 | 67 ± 8 | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 15 ± 10 | 14 ± 9 | 15 ± 9 | 0.322 |
| Male gender n (%) | 157 (80) | 86 (88) | 71 (72) | 0.007 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 ± 5 | 29 ±5 | 29 ± 6 | 0.441 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127 ± 17 | 125 ± 17 | 129 ± 17 | 0.123 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | 0.472 |
| Smoking habit n (%) | 118 (60) | 69 (70) | 49 (50) | 0.004 |
| Previous CVD n (%) | 138 (70) | 71 (72) | 67 (68) | 0.534 |
| Glycaemia (mmol/L) | 8.2 ± 2.8 (7.8) | 8.3 ± 2.8 (7.8) | 8.0 ± 2.8 (7.4) | 0.391 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 1.5 (7.5) | 7.8 ± 1.4 (7.7) | 7.7 ± 1.5 (7.4) | 0.408 |
| GFR MDRD (mmol/L) | 76 ± 20 | 80 ± 19 | 72 ± 20 | 0.003 |
| Microalbuminuria (mg/L) | 166 ± 842 (23) | 100 ± 322 (20) | 230 ± 1144 (23) | 0.328 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.30 ± 0.11 | 2.32 ± 0.09 | 2.32 ± 0.13 | 0.885 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.02 ± 0.15 | 1.01 ± 0.15 | 1.04 ± 0.16 | 0.165 |
| Intact PTH (pg/mL) | 54.7 ± 27.5 (46.9) | 48.8 ± 24.7 (42.9 | 60.6 ± 29.0 (54.0) | 0.001 |
| 25(OH)Vit D (ng/mL) | 13.8 ± 8.4 (12.0) | 14.0 ± 8.7 (12.0) | 13.7 ± 8.1 (12.0) | 0.924 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.2 ± 1.5 (1.2) | 2.5 ± 2.6 (1.5) | 1.9 ± 2.3 (0.8) | 0.035 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 5 ± 22 (3) | 7 ± 31 (3) | 3.3 ± 3.9 (2.7) | 0.045 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 1.1 (1.3) | 1.8 ± 1.2 (1.4) | 1.4 ± 0.8 (1.1) | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 0.146 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.9 ± 0.7 (1.8) | 1.9 ± 0.7 (1.8) | 2.0 ± 0.8 (1.8) | 0.097 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | 3.7 ± 1.6 (3.5) | 4.1 ± 1.9 (3.7) | 3.4 ± 1.0 (3.3) | < 0.0001 |
| NDS | 2.4 ± 2.4 (2.4) | 2.1 ± 2.4 (2) | 2.7 ± 2.4 (2) | 0.035 |
| Peripheral calcification score | 2528 ± 5779 (524) | 1818 ± 5283 (290) | 3239 ± 6204 (1044) | 0.004 |
| Occlusive score | 3.5 ± 5.3 | 2.8 ± 4.8 | 4.2 ± 5.7 | 0.034 |
| Insulin use n (%) | 93 (47) | 45 (46) | 48 (49) | 0.414 |
| Metformin use n (%) | 160 (81) | 88 (90) | 72 (73) | 0.002 |
| Statin use n (%) | 175 (89) | 88 (90) | 87 (88) | 0.421 |
| ARB and ACE inhibitors use n (%) | 158 (80) | 81 (83) | 77 (78) | 0.249 |
Data are given as mean ± SD for normally distributed measures with addition of (median) for non-normally distributed values for variables with a non-Gaussian distribution or as the number (percentage) for binary variables; variables mentioned in italic are variables distributed significantly different in both groups
NA not applicable, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, CVD cardiovascular disease, HbA1c haemoglobin A1C, GFR MDRD glomerular filtration rate calculated with the modification of diet in renal disease formula, PTH parathyroid hormone, hsCRP high sensibility C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin 6, NDS neuropathy disability score