TABLE 3.

Results from t-test for gender comparisons on scores obtained before intervention.

Scales and sub-scales	Gender	n	Mean	Standard deviation	p	Effect size (Cohen’s d-score)
EQ	Male	16	39.88	8.71	0.01	1.03
	Female	67	49.25	9.10
IAT	Male	16	−0.95	0.31	0.18	0.34
	Female	63	−0.82	0.37
Fantasy	Male	16	2.89	0.52	0.18	0.37
	Female	67	3.09	0.55
Perspective taking	Male	16	3.53	0.66	0.06	0.54
	Female	67	3.88	0.60
Empathic concern	Male	16	3.39	0.82	0.01	0.78
	Female	67	4.03	0.58
Personal distress	Male	16	2.95	0.47	0.19	0.50
	Female	67	3.31	0.72

EQ, empathy quotient; IAT, implicit association test; N/A, not applicable; n, sample size.