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. 2019 Apr 17;12:277–288. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S202774

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© 2019 Lan and Wang.

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Hypothesized model. Age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and potentially traumatic life events (PTE) were considered as potential covariates. ^aCoded as 1= emerging adults with early left-behind experiences, 0= emerging adults without early left-behind experiences. + refers to positive association and - refers to negative association.