Table 3.
Characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis patients, with and without metabolic syndrome
| Variables | Metabolic syndrome | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n= 23) | No (n= 94) | ||
| Age (years) | 38.6 ± 9.6 | 34.2 ± 10.3 | 0.068 |
| Sex (male/female) | 20/3 | 77/17 | 0.790 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 22 (23.4) | 0.077 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (2.1) | 0.485 |
| Disease duration (months) | 134.8 ± 91.6 | 100.5 ± 83.8 | 0.073 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (26.1) | 3 (3.2) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (13.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0.024 |
| Overweight/obesity, n (%) | 18 (78.3) | 30 (31.9) | 0.000 |
| Body mass index | 26.8 ± 4.0 | 22.0 ± 3.3 | 0.000 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.1 ± 12.5 | 117.8 ± 10.4 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.4 ± 8.2 | 73.7 ± 7.6 | 0.01 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 0.000 |
| Lipid profile (mmol/L) | |||
| TC | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 0.015 |
| HDL-c | 1.04 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.363 |
| Low-density lipoprotein | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.054 |
| Triglycerides | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.000 |
| TC/HDL-c | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ±0.8 | 0.000 |
| Serum uric acid (µmol/L) | 405.2 ±81.4 | 368.3 ± 94.8 | 0.089 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 12.1 ± 14.3 | 21.2 ± 25.9 | 0.106 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 25.6 ± 20.1 | 31.8 ± 27.2 | 0.405 |
| HLA-B27 positivity, n (%) | 21 (91.3) | 79 (84.0) | 0.729 |
| BASDAI | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 0.137 |
| BASFI | 9.2 ± 18.3 | 17.4 ± 22.5 | 0.043 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| TNF-i | 18 (78.3) | 57 (60.6) | 0.114 |
| DMARDs | 18 (78.3) | 62 (66.0) | 0.255 |
| NSAIDs | 21(91.3) | 93(100) | 0.098 |
| Prednisone | 0(0) | 10(10.6) | 0.223 |
Abbreviations: TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HLA-B27, human leukocyte antigen-B27; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; TNF-i, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors; DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.