Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, echocardiography, and cardiac stress test findings of the study population by the two pre‐specified groups
| Variable | None AF; n = 1873 | AF; n = 304 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 1537 (0.82) | 223 (0.76) | 0.02 |
| Age (years) | 62 (±12) | 68 (±9) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 81 (±15) | 83 (±16) | 0.57 |
| Smoking | 266 (0.16) | 32 (0.11) | 0.16 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1535 (0.82) | 203 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure (NYHA ≥ II) | 165 (0.09) | 79 (0.27) | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 450 (0.24) | 102 (0.35) | <0.001 |
| Valvular disease | 282 (0.15) | 114 (0.39) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 102 (0.05) | 29 (0.1) | 0.003 |
| Dyslipedemia | 986 (0.53) | 165 (0.57) | 0.218 |
| Hypertension | 887 (0.47) | 197 (0.68) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 493 (0.26) | 89 (0.31) | 0.136 |
| Renal impairment (eGFR < 60) | 100 (0.05) | 50 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 30 (0.02) | 18 (0.06) | <0.001 |
| Chronic resynchronization therapy | 37 (0.02) | 6 (0.02) | 0.928 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 69 (0.04) | 22 (0.08) | 0.002 |
| Pacemaker | 109 (0.06) | 45 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography findings | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 51% (±17) | 54% (±10) | <0.001 |
| Left atrial area (cm2) | 21 (±6) | 27 (±5) | <0.001 |
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg) | 33 (±9) | 39 (±8) | <0.001 |
| Ergometrie findings | |||
| Heart rate at rest (bpm) | 69 (±11) | 69 (±14) | 0.325 |
| Max effort pulse (bpm) | 125 (±23) | 111 (±23) | <0.001 |
| One‐min recovery pulse (bpm) | 101 (±19) | 94 (±20) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated based on the modification of diet in renal disease study equation; NYHA, New York Heart Association Score.