Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of ultra‐high risk (UHR) subjects and healthy controls
| Variables | UHR subjects (n = 34) | Healthy controls (n = 37) | χ2/t value | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| Sex, male/female | 21/13 | 18/19 | 1.231 | 0.341a |
| Age, y | 21.5 ± 3.5 | 20.8 ± 3.1 | −0.948 | 0.346b |
| Education, y | 12.0 ± 3.4 | 14.7 ± 2.1 | 3.867 | <0.001b |
| FD (mm) | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.873 | 0.386b |
| SIPS | ||||
| Positive symptom score | 9.5 ± 3.1 | NA | ||
| Negative symptom score | 12.8 ± 6.6 | NA | ||
| Disorganized symptom score | 6.1 ± 3.2 | NA | ||
| General symptom score | 6.0 ± 3.5 | NA | ||
| Total score | 34.3 ± 11.3 | NA | ||
| BACS‐SC | 53.6 + 9.1 | 61.0 + 10.7 | 3.135 | 0.003b |
| TMT‐A | 42.7 ± 21.6 | 36.9 ± 11.2 | −1.425 | 0.159b |
| HVLT‐R | 22.4 ± 6.6 | 27.1 ± 3.9 | 3.668 | <0.001b |
| CPT‐IP | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.877 | 0.005b |
| BVMT‐R | 23.9 ± 7.4 | 27.7 ± 5.8 | 2.397 | 0.019b |
| Stroop Color‐Word Test | n = 26c | n = 33c | ||
| Word reading (W) | 81.4 ± 32.5 | 96.1 ± 17.7 | 2.296 | 0.03b |
| Color naming (C) | 50.8 ± 23.2 | 71.7 ± 14.5 | 4.167 | <0.001b |
| Color‐word (CW) | 27.8 ± 15.4 | 43.6 ± 8.1 | 4.875 | <0.001b |
NA, not applicable; FD, framewise displacement; SIPS, the structured interview for prodromal syndromes; BACS‐SC, Brief Assessments of Cognition in Schizophrenia: Symbol Coding Test; TMT‐A, Trail Making Test A; HVLT‐R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‐Revised; CPT‐IP, Continuous Performance Test‐Identical Pairs; BVMT‐R, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test‐Revised.
a
The P‐value for sex difference between the two groups was obtained by a chi‐squared test.
b
The P‐values were obtained by two‐sample t tests.
c
Eight individuals of UHR and 4 healthy participants did not finish the Stroop Color‐Word Test.