Table 1.
Characteristics and comparison between nonagenarians with and without complication during hospitalization
| General population N = 172 | No complication N = 136 | Complication N = 36 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 91.9 (90.9‐93.7) | 92.1 (90.9‐94.1) | 91.5 (90.9‐93.4) | 0.584 |
| Male, n (%) | 67(39.0%) | 54 (39.7%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.593 |
| Patients living in nursing home, n (%) | 45 (26.2%) | 36 (26.5%) | 9 (25.0%) | 0.972 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 (21.1‐25.9) | 23.1 (21.1‐25.8) | 22.4 (20.8‐26.0) | 0.693 |
| Indication of implantation, n (%) | ||||
| High degree AV block | 144 (83.7%) | 114 (82.8%) | 30 (83.3%) | 0.923 |
| Sinus node dysfunction | 14 (8.1%) | 10 (7.4%) | 4 (11.1%) | |
| Sick‐sinus syndrome | 8 (4.7%) | 7 (5.2%) | 1 (2.8%) | |
| High rate AF with AV junction ablation | 4 (2.3%) | 3 (2.2%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
| Carotid sinus hypersensitivity | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.74%) | 0 (0%) | |
| CRT‐P for heart failure | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.74%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Type of PM, n (%) | ||||
| Single chamber VVI | 143 (83.1%) | 112 (82.4%) | 31 (86.1%) | 0.926 |
| Dual chamber DDD | 26 (15.1%) | 21 (15.4%) | 5 (13.9%) | |
| Single chamber AAI | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| VDD | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| CRT‐P | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Physiologic stimulation, n (%) | 58 (33.7%) | 47 (34.6%) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.800 |
| Subclavian puncture, n (%) | 61 (35.5%) | 51 (37.5%) | 10 (27.8%) | 0.374 |
| Duration of procedure (minutes) | 50.0 (35.0‐60.0) | 49.0 (35.0‐60.0) | 50.0 (38.5‐70.0) | 0.202 |
| Mean hospital stay (days) | 3.5 (2.0‐7.0) | 3.0 (2.0‐6.0) | 6.5 (3.0‐9.0) | <0.001 |
| Heart rhythm at the time of implantation, n (%) | ||||
| Sinus rhythm | 136 (79.1%) | 107 (78.7%) | 29 (80.6%) | 0.987 |
| AF | 36 (20.9%) | 29 (21.3%) | 7 (19.4%) | |
| Cardiomyopathy, n (%) | ||||
| Valvular | 35 (20.3%) | 28 (20.6%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.931 |
| Ischemic | 31 (18.0%) | 23 (16.9%) | 8 (22.2%) | |
| Hypertrophic | 14 (8.1%) | 11 (8.1%) | 3 (8.3%) | |
| Primary dilated | 8 (4.7%) | 7 (5.2%) | 1 (2.8%) | |
| Tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Unknown (no TTE performed) | 48 (27.9%) | 35 (25.7%) | 13 (36.1%) | |
| Comorbities, n (%) | ||||
| History of AF | 58 (33.7%) | 45 (33.1%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.870 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (9.9%) | 13 (9.6%) | 4 (11.1%) | 0.971 |
| Hypertension | 107 (62.2%) | 84 (61.8%) | 23 (63.9%) | 0.968 |
| History of stroke | 29 (16.9%) | 22 (16.2%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.829 |
| Heart failure | 56 (32.6%) | 42 (30.9%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0.477 |
| Valvular disease | 43 (25.0%) | 34 (25.0%) | 9 (25.0%) | 0.829 |
| Coronary artery disease | 41 (23.8%) | 32 (23.5%) | 9 (25.0%) | 0.971 |
| Cardiac surgery | 15 (8.7%) | 10 (7.4%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0.366 |
| Median Charlson comorbidity index | 2.0 (1.0‐3.5) | 2.0 (1.0‐3.0) | 3.0 (1.5‐4.0) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 33 (19.2%) | 33 (24.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.003 |
| 1 | 37 (21.5%) | 28 (20.6%) | 11 (29.7%) | |
| 2 | 25 (14.5%) | 22 (16.2%) | 3 (8.1%) | |
| 3 | 34 (19.8%) | 21 (15.4%) | 13 (35.1%) | |
| 4 | 21 (12.2%) | 17 (12.5%) | 4 (10.8%) | |
| 5 | 14 (8.1%) | 11 (8.1%) | 3 (8.1%) | |
| 6 | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 7 | 6 (1.7%) | 3 (2.2%) | 3 (8.1%) | |
| 8 | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Treatments, n (%) | ||||
| No antithrombotic treatment | 55 (32.0%) | 45 (33.1%) | 10 (27.8%) | 0.713 |
| Anticoagulants | 43 (25.0%) | 32 (23.5%) | 11 (30.6%) | |
| Antiplatlet agents | 82 (47.7%) | 65 (47.8%) | 17 (47.2%) | |
| Association AC and AP agent | 8 (4.7%) | 6 (4.4%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
| Number of medications | 5.0 (3.0‐7.0) | 5.0 (3.0‐7.0) | 6.5 (4.5‐8.0) | 0.02 |
| Blood work | ||||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | 12.2 (11.3‐13.0) | 12.2 ± 1.4 | 11.8 ± 1.7 | 0.166 |
| Creatinine level (μmol/L) | 102.5 (80.0‐132.0) | 101.0 (81.0‐131.5) | 111.0 (73.8‐143.8) | 0.543 |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AV, atrio‐ventricular; CRT‐P, cardiac resynchronization therapy‐pacemaker; PM, pacemaker.