Figure 1.

Neuro‐inflammation and neurogenesis. Astrocytes can affect the generation, differentiation and migration of de novo generated neurons by secreting pro‐neurogenic factors, such as insulin growth factor (IGF), glia‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), erythropoietin (EPO) and Wnt. Microglia can affect neurogenesis in their distinct phenotype, M2 phenotype produces anti‐inflammatory factors, such as IGF, BDNF; while M1 phenotype secrets pro‐inflammatory factors, such as: TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐12. T cells can also promote neurogenesis and maturation of neuroprogenitor cells by producing IL‐4 or low level IFN‐γ. M2 macrophages in the periphery can produce factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), TGF‐α (transforming growth factor‐α), TGF‐β, IGF, PDGF (platelet drived growth factor), CD206 (cluster of differentiation 206, mannose receptor), arginase‐1, IL‐10, and Ym, all above factors have been shown to promote maturation of newly generated neurons