Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox models in DM population
| Multivariate Cox Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Cox Models | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | Harrell's C‐statistic |
| Male sex | 3.030 (0.862–10.651) | NS | |||
| Age | 1.001 (0.946–1.059) | NS | |||
| Smoker | 1.282 (0.445–3.694) | NS | |||
| HTN | 1.454 (0.330–6.404) | NS | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.098 (0.381–3.163) | NS | |||
| Family history | 0.966 (0.336–2.781) | NS | |||
| Antihypertensives | 0.690 (0.222–2.140) | NS | |||
| ACEIs | 0.699 (0.262–1.865) | NS | |||
| β‐Blockers | 1.294 (0.450–3.725) | NS | |||
| Ca antagonists | 1.793 (0.665–4.832) | NS | |||
| ASA | 1.558 (0.502–4.834) | NS | |||
| Statins | 3.454 (1.143–10.997) | 0.028 | |||
| FRS | 4.275 (0.119–153.302) | NS | 1.512 (1.028–1.078) | NS | 0.827 (0.777–0.878) |
| CIMT >0.9 mm | 4.653 (0.614–35.259) | NS | |||
| Carotid plaque | 1.980 (0.638–6.150) | NS | |||
| Carotid diseasea | 2.188 (0.705–6.796) | NS | |||
| CAD ≥50% | 1.230 (0.458–3.308) | NS | |||
| % Segments with noncalcific plaque | 1.026 (0.992–1.061) | NS | |||
| % Segments with calcific plaque | 1.013 (0.983–1.044) | NS | |||
| % Segments with mixed plaque | 1.026 (1.000–1.053) | 0.050 | |||
| % Segments with remodeled plaque | 1.053 (1.029–1.078) | <0.001 | 1.053 (1.028–1.078) | <0.001 | |
| CACS | 1.001 (0.999–1.003) | NS | |||
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); Ca, calcium; CACS, coronary artery calcium score; CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; CIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness; DM, diabetes mellitus; FRS, Framingham risk score; HR, hazard ratio; HTN, hypertension; NS, not significant.
a
Carotid disease refers to CIMT >0.9 mm + carotid plaque.