Figure 2.

Sequential Cox proportional hazard models for death, MI, and CVA in veterans with obstructive CAD by cocaine use. Unadjusted: cocaine. Additional adjustment for basic risks: age, sex, race, DM, HTN, hyperlipidemia, PAD, CVD, obesity/overweight, COPD, prior MI, prior PCI, and prior CABG. Additional adjustment for risky behaviors: alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and other drug use. Additional adjustment for comorbid conditions affected by cocaine use (“causal pathway”): CHF, cardiogenic shock, dialysis, depression, anxiety, ACS, and clinical status (elective, emergent, urgent, or salvage). Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; HTN, hypertension; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention