Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of veterans with obstructive CAD
| Total, N = 122 035 | No Cocaine, n = 118 953 | Cocaine, n = 3082 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 65.1 (60.9–71.9) | 65.3 (61.1–72.2) | 58.2 (53.7–62.1) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 98.6 | 98.6 | 98.6 | 0.96 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| White | 80.8 | 82 | 37.2 | |
| Black | 11.8 | 10.6 | 58.9 | |
| Other | 7.3 | 7.4 | 4 | |
| CV risk factors | ||||
| DM | 49.5 | 49.7 | 40.1 | <0.001 |
| HTN | 90.3 | 90.3 | 89.8 | 0.43 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 89.5 | 89.8 | 78.1 | <0.001 |
| PAD | 22.6 | 22.7 | 18.1 | <0.001 |
| CVD | 18.4 | 18.5 | 14.5 | <0.001 |
| CHF | 27.4 | 27.3 | 28.8 | 0.07 |
| COPD | 20.9 | 20.8 | 23.9 | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 46.9 | 47.2 | 35.3 | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 35.9 | 35.9 | 36.1 | 0.8 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, median (IQR) | 72.4 (59.6–88.3) | 72.2 (59.5–88.0) | 80.0 (61.3–98.0) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 21 | 21 | 20.3 | 0.39 |
| Dialysis | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 0.07 |
| Psychological risk factors | ||||
| Chronic depression | 27 | 26.4 | 51.7 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 8.7 | 8.5 | 14.3 | <0.001 |
| Other substance use | ||||
| Tobacco use | 61.9 | 61.3 | 84.6 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 7.2 | 6.1 | 47.3 | <0.001 |
| Any illicit drug other than cocaine | 4.1 | 2.8 | 55.2 | <0.001 |
| Cannabis | 2.6 | 1.7 | 35.1 | <0.001 |
| Sedatives | 0.3 | 0.2 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Hallucinogens | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Amphetamines | 0.3 | 0.2 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Opioids | 1.4 | 0.9 | 21.3 | <0.001 |
| Unspecified type of drug use | 0.2 | 0 | 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Prior procedures | ||||
| PCI | 31 | 31.1 | 27.7 | <0.0001 |
| MI | 36.3 | 36.3 | 37.4 | 0.21 |
| CABG | 26.8 | 27.1 | 15.1 | <0.0001 |
| FRS category | ||||
| Low | 13.4 | 13.2 | 20 | <0.0001 |
| Medium | 46.6 | 46.5 | 49.7 | |
| High | 40 | 40.3 | 30.3 |
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FRS, Framingham Risk Score; HTN, hypertension; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SD, standard deviation.
Data are presented as percentages (%) unless otherwise noted.