Table 2.
Medications
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | P Value | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class I | ||||
| Flecainide | Significantly superior compared with control at reducing AF recurrence in meta‐analysis | 0.31 (0.16–0.60) | <0.001 | Lafuente‐Lafuente et al20 |
| Propafenone | Significantly superior compared with control at reducing AF recurrence in meta‐analysis | 0.37 (0.28–0.48) | <0.001 | Lafuente‐Lafuente et al20 |
| Class II | ||||
| β‐Blocker | Significantly superior compared with control at reducing AF recurrence in meta‐analysis | 0.62 (0.44–0.88) | 0.008 | Lafuente‐Lafuente et al20 |
| Increased success of ECV and maintenance of SR | 7.0 (3.0–16.3) | <0.00001 | Frick et al6 | |
| Class III | ||||
| Sotalol | Significantly reduced AF recurrence in meta‐analysis | 0.43 (0.33–0.56) | <0.001 | Lafuente‐Lafuente et al20 |
| Amiodarone | Continuous use of amiodarone during follow‐up as independent predictor for SR at 1‐year follow‐up | 2.11 (1.56–2.86) | <0.001 | Pisters et al4 |
| Significantly superior compared with control at reducing AF recurrence in meta‐analysis | 0.19 (0.14–0.27) | <0.001 | Lafuente‐Lafuente et al20 | |
| Dronedarone | Significantly superior compared with control at reducing AF recurrence in meta‐analysis | 0.59 (0.46–0.75) | <0.001 | Lafuente‐Lafuente et al20 |
| Class IV | ||||
| Rate‐limiting CCBs | Use of verapamil significantly reduced AF recurrence when used in combination with amiodarone or flecainide | — | 0.03 | De Simone et al23 |
| Multivariate analysis predictor for success of ECV and maintenance of SR | 3.6 (1.1–12.1) | <0.04 | Frick et al6 | |
| Other | ||||
| RAS inhibitor | A significant reduction of recurrence of AF after ECV compared with no RAS‐inhibitor treatment; underutilization of ACEI is related to AF recurrence | 0.50 (0.37–0.69) | <0.01 | Li et al25 |
| MRAs | Lower plasma aldosterone levels associated with SR after cardioversion | Liu et al27 | ||
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CI, confidence interval; ECV, electrical cardioversion; HR, hazard ratio; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; OR, odds ratio; RAS, renin‐angiotensin system; SR, sinus rhythm.