Table 1.
Demographic and global neuropsychological data of study subjects
| HC | PD‐NCI | PD‐MCI | PDD | P‐value ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | ‐ |
| Age (years) | 70.0 ± 5.9 | 69.6 ± 7.8 | 68.4 ± 5.9 | 74.0 ± 5.1 | 0.274 |
| Gender (female:male) | 7/2 | 7/2 | 9/0 | 7/2 | 0.551 |
| Handedness (R: L) | 9/0 | 9/0 | 9/0 | 9/0 | 1.000 |
| Education (years) | 7.67 ± 3.70 | 8.44 ± 2.19 | 6.33 ± 2.18 | 7.78 ± 6.94 | 0.547 |
| Disease duration (years) | ‐ | 4.06 ± 2.56 | 4.67 ± 2.35 | 4.44 ± 1.94 | 0.850 |
| UPDRS‐III | ‐ | 28.9 ± 10.5 | 33.1 ± 11.6 | 37.0 ± 12.1 | 0.338 |
| H &Y score | ‐ | 2.11 ± 0.82 | 2.17 ± 0.66 | 3.17 ± 0.90a , c | 0.884 |
| LEDD (mg) | ‐ | 630 ± 270 | 718 ± 372 | 721 ± 182 | 0.747 |
| MMSE | 29.1 ± 0.9 | 29.3 ± 1.3 | 27.2 ± 1.9a | 19.2 ± 3.5b , d | 0.000 |
| MoCA | 26.7 ± 1.2 | 27.0 ± 0.9 | 21.9 ± 2.4b | 14.1 ± 3.1b , d | 0.000 |
All values were expressed as mean ± SD.
UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; H &Y, Hoehn & Yahr; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HC, healthy control; PD‐NCI, PD with no cognitive impairment; PD‐MCI, PD with mild cognitive impairment; PDD, PD with dementia; ANOVA, one‐way analysis of variance.
Indicates group differences at a significance level of P < 0.05 when compared with HC group/PD‐NCI group.
Indicates group differences at a significance level of P < 0.01 when compared with HC group/PD‐NCI group.
Indicates group differences at a significance level of P < 0.05 when compared with PD‐MCI group.
Indicates group differences at a significance level of P < 0.01 when compared with PD‐MCI group.