Figure 4.

STZ i.c.v. injection affected neuronal activity in sleep‐wake regulating nucleus. The nucleus‐specific neurotransmitter markers were labeled green. c‐Fos was labeled red. A‐C, Double‐stained neurotransmitter markers and c‐Fos in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was labeled as GABAergic neurons marker. Vesicular glutamate 2 transporter (v‐GLUT2) was labeled as glutamatergic neurons marker. Yellow arrows indicate c‐Fos− and nucleus‐specific neurotransmitter marker + neurons. White arrows indicate dual c‐Fos+ and nucleus‐specific neurotransmitter marker + neurons. D‐F, The density of specific neurons and double‐stained cells was calculated. G, H, Glutamate and GABA levels in the VLPO and PBN were analyzed by HPLC. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6–8 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, vs vehicle group (Student‐Newman‐Keuls test). ox, optic chiasm