Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to the self‐perception of CV risk
| Variable | Normo‐perceiver, n = 945 | Hypo‐perceiver, n = 4918 | Total, N = 5863 | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 47.9 ± 6.2 | 49.7 ± 7.2 | 49.4 ± 7.1 | <0.001 |
| Age group, y | <0.001 | |||
| 40–49 | 618 (65.4) | 2669 (54.3) | 3287 (56.1) | |
| 50–59 | 289 (30.6) | 1788 (36.4) | 2077 (35.4) | |
| 60–69 | 29 (3.1) | 386 (7.8) | 415 (7.1) | |
| ≥70 | 9 (0.9) | 75 (1.5) | 84 (1.4) | |
| Female sex | 209 (22.1) | 957 (19.5) | 1166 (19.9) | 0.061 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.3 ± 4.5 | 26.9 ± 3.9 | 27.2 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 3 (0.3) | 49 (1.0) | 52 (0.9) | |
| Normal weight | 221 (23.5) | 1632 (33.3) | 1853 (31.8) | |
| Overweight | 426 (45.3) | 2317 (47.3) | 2743 (47.0) | |
| Obese | 290 (30.9) | 898 (18.3) | 1188 (20.4) | |
| Smoking | 56 (5.9) | 465 (9.5) | 521 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| DMb | 54 (5.7) | 339 (6.9) | 393 (6.7) | 0.184 |
| On treatment | 45/54 (83.3) | 304/339 (89.7) | 349/393 (88.8) | 0.170 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dL | 91.4 ± 17.1 | 91.5 ± 19.5 | 91.5 ± 19.1 | 0.892 |
| HTNc | 200 (21.2) | 1207 (24.5) | 1407 (24.0) | 0.026 |
| On treatment | 166/200 (83.0) | 1085/1207 (89.9) | 1251/1407 (88.9) | 0.004 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 120.8 ± 12.6 | 119.7 ± 12.5 | 119.9 ± 12.5 | 0.015 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78.6 ± 8.2 | 77.8 ± 7.7 | 78.0 ± 7.8 | 0.008 |
| Dyslipidemiad | 444 (47.0) | 2684 (54.6) | 3128 (53.4) | <0.001 |
| On treatment | 97/444 (21.8) | 999/2684 (37.2) | 1096/3128 (35.0) | <0.001 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 129.4 ± 29.1 | 131.8 ± 36.2 | 131.4 ± 35.1 | 0.028 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 47.0 ± 12.2 | 49.3 ± 12.9 | 48.9 ± 12.8 | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 133 (97–191) | 125 (90–176) | 126 (91–179) | 0.011 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 0.905 |
| Cr, mg/dL | 0.84 ± 0.18 | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 0.87 ± 0.27 | 0.003 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 166 (17.6) | 1085 (22.1) | 1251 (21.3) | 0.002 |
| Lipid‐lowering | 97 (10.3) | 999 (20.3) | 1096 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Glucose‐lowering | 45 (4.8) | 304 (6.2) | 349 (6.0) | 0.091 |
| Use of alcohole | 0.134 | |||
| Low | 785 (84.4) | 4177 (86.2) | 4962 (85.9) | |
| Intermediate | 122 (13.1) | 589 (12.2) | 711 (12.3) | |
| High | 23 (2.5) | 79 (1.6) | 102 (1.8) | |
| Physical activityf | 257 (29.3) | 2043 (44.8) | 2300 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| Depressiong | 266 (28.7) | 575 (12.0) | 841 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Stressh | 352 (50.4) | 886 (23.8) | 1238 (28.0) | <0.001 |
| Lifetime risk | <0.001 | |||
| Intermediate | 664 (70.3) | 2015 (41.0) | 2679 (45.7) | |
| High | 281 (29.7) | 2903 (59.0) | 3184 (54.3) |
Abbreviations: AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; Cr, creatinine; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CV, cardiovascular; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN, hypertension; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; IQR, interquartile range; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TG, triglycerides.
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR).
P values refer to the comparison between normo‐ and hypo‐perceivers.
DM self‐reported or using glucose‐lowering medications.
HTN self‐reported or using antihypertensive medications.
Dyslipidemia self‐reported or using lipid‐lowering medications.
Use of alcohol estimated by the AUDIT test.
Physical activity moderate or high level of physical activity according to IPAQ.
Depressive symptoms according to BDI (cutoff point of 11).
Stress referred by the participant.