Table 5.
Factors associated with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder in women with chronic pelvic pain and in pain-free controls
| Factors | Total | Mixed anxiety and depression | Crude | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | PR (95%CI) | PR (95%CI)a | |||
| Pain | Without pain | 100 | 28 | (28.0) | Reference | Reference |
| With pain | 100 | 54 | (54.0) | 1.9 (1.3–2.8)b | 1.9 (1.3–2.7)b | |
| Age (years) | <25 | 18 | 6 | (33.3) | Reference | Reference |
| 25–34 | 55 | 20 | (36.4) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | |
| 35–39 | 37 | 17 | (46.0) | 1.4 (0.6–2.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | |
| 40–44 | 47 | 20 | (42.6) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | |
| ≥45 | 43 | 19 | (44.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | |
| Skin color | White | 60 | 23 | (38.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Black | 22 | 11 | (50.0) | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | |
| Brown | 115 | 47 | (40.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | |
| Yellow | 3 | 1 | (33.3) | 0.8 (0.1–4.4) | 0.6 (0.1–3.2) | |
| Marital status | Single | 51 | 16 | (31.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Married | 125 | 53 | (42.4) | 1.4 (0.8–2.1) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | |
| Divorced | 22 | 12 | (54.6) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | |
| Widowed | 2 | 1 | (50.0) | 1.6 (0.3–6.7) | 1.3 (0.2–6.4) | |
| Monthly family income (R$) | 1,000 or less | 49 | 24 | (49.0) | Reference | Reference |
| 1,001–1,600 | 57 | 20 | (35.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | |
| 1,600–2,300 | 44 | 19 | (43.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | |
| >2,300 | 50 | 19 | (38.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.2) | |
| Employment status | Employed | 98 | 33 | (33.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Unemployed | 15 | 8 | (53.3) | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | 1.8 (0.9–3.3) | |
| Retired | 6 | 3 | (50.0) | 1.5 (0.6–3.5) | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) | |
| Homemaker | 81 | 38 | (46.9) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) | |
| Schooling | <11 years | 96 | 43 | (44.8) | Reference | Reference |
| ≥11 years | 104 | 39 | (37.5) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | |
| Smoking | Nonsmoker | 178 | 66 | (37.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Smoker | 22 | 16 | (72.7) | 2.0 (1.4–2.7)b | 1.5 (1.1–2.1)b | |
| Physical activity | Yes | 46 | 14 | (30.4) | Reference | Reference |
| No | 154 | 68 | (44.2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <25 | 93 | 40 | (43.0) | Reference | Reference |
| 25.00–29.99 | 71 | 25 | (35.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | |
| ≥30 | 36 | 17 | (47.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.2 (0.7–1.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption | No | 122 | 53 | (43.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 78 | 29 | (37.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | |
| Diabetes | No | 191 | 75 | (39.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 9 | 7 | (77.8) | 2.0 (1.3–2.9)b | 1.9 (0.8–4.6) | |
| Hypertension | No | 167 | 67 | (40.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 33 | 15 | (45.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | |
| Physical abuse | No | 149 | 51 | (34.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 51 | 31 | (60.8) | 1.8 (1.2–2.4)b | 1.4 (1.1–1.9)b | |
| Sexual abuse | No | 171 | 59 | (34.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 29 | 23 | (79.3) | 1.3 (1.7–3.0)b | 1.4 (1.1–1.8)b | |
| Menopausal status | Premenopausal | 158 | 65 | (41.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Postmenopausal | 42 | 17 | (40.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | |
| Parity | Nulliparous | 39 | 13 | (33.3) | Reference | Reference |
| ≥1 | 161 | 69 | (42.9) | 1.3 (0.7–2.1) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | |
Notes: aPrevalence ratio adjusted for age, skin color, schooling, body mass index and pain. bSignificant association (p<0.05).