Table 2.
Association between nutritional–anthropometric parameters and the onset of atrial fibrillation during the follow‐up period in the PRO.V.A. study (weighted data)
| Age‐ and Sex‐Adjusted Model | Fully Adjusted Model1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Height, cm | ||||
| Per 1 cm increase | 1.05 (1.04‐1.05) | <0.0001 | 1.05 (1.04‐1.06) | <0.00012 |
| Per 5 cm increase | 1.26 (1.20‐1.31) | <0.0001 | 1.24 (1.18‐1.30) | <0.00012 |
| <162 (m); <149 (w) | 1 [Ref.] | <0.00013 | 1 [Ref.] | <0.00012, 3 |
| 162‐166 (m); 149‐152 (w) | 1.12 (0.91‐1.37) | 0.29 | 1.04 (0.85‐1.28) | 0.702 |
| 167‐170 (m); 153‐156 (w) | 2.50 (2.06‐3.04) | <0.0001 | 2.31 (1.89‐2.82) | <0.00012 |
| ≥171 (m); ≥157 (w) | 2.58 (2.04‐3.26) | <0.0001 | 2.42 (1.88‐3.12) | <0.0001† 2 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| Per 1 kg/m2 increase | 1.02 (1.00‐1.03) | 0.02 | 1.08 (0.99‐1.02) | 0.33 |
| Normal weight (20 ≤ BMI < 25) | 1 [Ref.] | <0.00013 | 1 [Ref.] | 0.0033 |
| Underweight (BMI <20) | 0.90 (0.56‐1.44) | 0.66 | 1.00 (0.62‐1.61) | 0.99 |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 1.18 (1.01‐1.38) | 0.04 | 1.13 (0.97‐1.33) | 0.13 |
| Obese (BMI ≥30) | 1.47 (1.25‐1.74) | <0.0001 | 1.36 (1.15‐1.62) | <0.0001 |
| Body surface area, m2 | ||||
| Per 0.1 m2 increase | 1.04 (1.03‐1.05) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.03‐1.05) | <0.0001 |
| <2.59 | 1 [Ref] | <0.00013 | 1 [Ref] | <0.00013 |
| 2.59–2.99 | 1.50 (1.24‐1.81) | <0.0001 | 1.58 (1.30‐1.91) | <0.0001 |
| 3.00–3.49 | 1.86 (1.54‐2.25) | <0.0001 | 1.77 (1.46‐2.14) | <0.0001 |
| ≥3.50 | 2.22 (1.82‐2.70) | <0.0001 | 2.12 (1.73‐2.59) | <0.0001 |
| Waist, cm | ||||
| Per 1 cm increase | 1.00 (1.00‐1.01) | 0.92 | 1.00 (0.99‐1.00) | 0.16 |
| ≥102 vs <102 (m), ≥88 vs <88 (w) | 1.16 (1.01‐1.32) | 0.03 | 1.05 (0.92‐1.21) | 0.47 |
| <94 cm (m), <91 cm (w) | 1 [Ref] | <0.00013 | 1 [Ref] | <0.00013 |
| 94–100 cm (m), 91–100 cm (w) | 1.67 (1.44‐1.94) | <0.0001 | 1.60 (1.37‐1.86) | <0.0001 |
| ≥101 cm (m, w) | 1.20 (1.03‐1.40) | 0.02 | 1.12 (0.96‐1.31) | 0.16 |
| Waist‐to‐stature ratio | ||||
| Per 1 unit increase | 0.27 (0.12‐0.59) | 0.001 | 0.12 (0.05‐0.28) | <0.0001 |
| >0.61 vs ≤0.61 | 0.88 (0.70‐1.11) | 0.80 | 0.72 (0.56‐0.92) | 0.01 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | ||||
| Per 1 cm increase | 1.01 (1.00‐1.02) | 0.003 | 1.01 (1.00‐1.01) | 0.01 |
| >99 vs <99 cm (m); >100.8 vs <100.8 cm (w) | 1.42 (1.26‐1.60) | <0.0001 | 1.39 (1.23‐1.58) | <0.0001 |
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio | ||||
| Per 1 unit increase | 0.30 (0.14‐0.67) | 0.003 | 0.12 (0.05‐0.28) | <0.0001 |
| ≥0.90 vs <0.90 (m), ≥0.85 vs <0.85 (w) | 0.82 (0.68‐0.99) | 0.04 | 0.68 (0.56‐0.83) | <0.0001 |
| Mid–upper arm circumference | ||||
| Per 1 cm increase | 1.01 (0.99‐1.03) | 0.38 | 1.00 (0.98‐1.01) | 0.60 |
| ≥30.3 vs <30.3 cm | 1.48 (1.32‐1.68) | <0.0001 | 1.38 (1.21‐1.56) | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CI, confidence interval; m, men; OR, odds ratio; PRO.V.A, Progetto Veneto Anziani; w, women.
The fully adjusted model includes: age (as continuous variable), gender (men/women), baseline presence of: diabetes (yes/no); hypertension (yes/no); cardiovascular diseases (yes/no); educational level (education ≥ 5 vs <5 years); physical activity (≥4 vs < 4 h/week); smoking habits (current/former vs never); number of drugs taken (≥3 vs <3/day).
Weight (as continuous variable) was included in the fully adjusted model.
P values in the first quartile represent P for trend calculated using the Wald test based on a score with the median value of each baseline tertile or quartile for the anthropometric parameter considered.