Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Nonfrail, n = 140 | Frail, n = 94 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 81.6 ± 4.2 | 84.4 ± 5.8 | 0.0001 |
| Female sex | 45 (32.1) | 50 (53.2) | 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 ± 3.6 | 27.3 ± 4.9 | 0.590 |
| HTN | 110 (78.6) | 81 (86.2) | 0.141 |
| DM | 52 (37.1) | 47 (50.0) | 0.051 |
| Insulin dependent | 12 (8.6) | 18 (19.1) | 0.018 |
| Non‐insulin dependent | 40 (28.6) | 29 (30.9) | 0.708 |
| Dyslipidemia | 68 (48.6) | 53 (56.4) | 0.241 |
| Tobacco history | 54 (38.6) | 20 (21.3) | 0.005 |
| ADL dependencea | 1 (0.7) | 45 (48.9) | 0.0001 |
| Previous stroke | 13 (9.3) | 12 (12.8) | 0.398 |
| Previous peptide ulcer | 6 (4.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0.670 |
| Previous MI | 22 (15.7) | 26 (27.7) | 0.027 |
| Previous CABG | 5 (3.6) | 5 (5.3) | 0.517 |
| Previous angioplasty | 10 (7.1) | 16 (17.0) | 0.018 |
| PAD | 16 (11.4) | 17 (18.1) | 0.151 |
| Valvular prosthesis | 1 (0.7) | 2 (2.1) | 0.346 |
| AF | 32 (22.9) | 23 (24.5) | 0.776 |
| Previous HF | 8 (5.7) | 16 (17.0) | 0.005 |
| CCI score | 6.38 ± 1.58 | 8.04 ± 2.11 | 0.0001 |
| Previous medical treatment | |||
| ASA | 49 (35.3) | 53 (56.4) | 0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 13 (9.4) | 15 (16.0) | 0.128 |
| Ticagrelor | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.410 |
| VKA/NOAC | 31 (22.5) | 16 (17.0) | 0.311 |
| ACEI/ARB | 82 (59.4) | 61 (64.9) | 0.400 |
| β‐Blocker | 41 (29.5) | 36 (38.3) | 0.161 |
| Loop diuretic | 25 (18) | 35 (37.2) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ADL, activities of daily living; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; MI, myocardial infarction; NOAC, novel oral anticoagulant; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SD, standard deviation; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
a
Dependence ≥ B in Katz Index of Independence in ADL.
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.