Table 3.
Procedure‐related complications
| Complication | Total, N (%) | Obese Patients, n (%) | Nonobese Patients, n (%) | Significance, χ2 | Adjusted OR1 (95% CI), Nonobese vs Obese | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pocket hematoma | 48 (5) | 6 (2.4) | 42 (5.9) | P < 0.05 | 2.6 (1.0‐6.3)2 | 0.043 |
| Minor bleeding | 31 (3.2) | 4 (1.6) | 27 (3.8) | NS | 2.3 (0.8‐7.0)2 | 0.135 |
| Major bleeding | 20 (2.1) | 1 (0.4) | 24 (3.4) | P < 0.05 | 10.2 (1.3‐80.3)2 | 0.028 |
| Lead dislodgement | 25 (2.6) | 6 (2.4) | 19 (2.7) | NS | 1.2 (0.4‐3.3) | 0.794 |
| Acute renal failure | 15 (1.6) | 6 (2.4) | 9 (1.3) | NS | 0.5 (0.1‐1.5) | 0.187 |
| Pericardial effusion | 11 (1.1) | 2 (0.8) | 9 (1.3) | NS | 1.7 (0.3‐8.9) | 0.499 |
| Anesthesia‐related complications | 11 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 10 (1.4) | NS | 4.0 (0.5‐32.0) | 0.197 |
| Pneumothorax | 13 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | P < 0.05 | NA3 | |
| Wound‐healing disorders | 7 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (0.8) | NS | 1.7 (0.4‐15.5)4 | 0.656 |
| Device infections | 6 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (0.7) | NS | 1.3 (0.1‐13.5)4 | 0.808 |
| Hemothorax | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) | NS | NA3 | |
| Subclavian vein thrombosis | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) | NS | NA3 | |
| Any major complication | 73 (7.6) | 11 (4.4) | 62 (8.7) | P < 0.05 | 2.1 (1.0‐4.4)5 | 0.047 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not available; NS, not significant; OAC, oral anticoagulation; OR, odds ratio.
1
All logistic regression models are adjusted for age, sex, type of device implanted, LVEF, DM, COPD, and HTN.
2
Additional adjustment for OAC, antiplatelet drugs, and renal failure.
3
None of the obese patients suffered the complication; therefore, an OR could not be calculated.
4
Additional adjustment for renal failure and procedural duration.
5
Any complication was adjusted for all of the above covariates.