Table 3.
Comparison of carotid doppler ultrasound parameters of AS patients before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in terms of orthostatic stress
| Variable | Before TAVI, n = 30 | After TAVI n = 30 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSV LCCA, cm/s | Supine | 95.5 (93.0 to 100.0) | 98.5 (96.0 to 102.8) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 90.0 (89.0 to 93.8) | 97.5 (95.0 to 100.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −6.0 (−7.8 to −4.3) | −1.0 (−2.0 to 1.0) | <0.001 | |
| EDV LCCA, cm/s | Supine | 25.0 (24.0 to 26.0) | 26.0 (25.0 to 27.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 20.0 (20.0 to 21.0) | 25.0 (24.0 to 27.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −4.5 (−5.0 to −4.0) | 0.0 (−1.0 to −0.0) | <0.001 | |
| LCCA TAMAX, cm/s | Supine | 46.6 (43.2 to 48.9) | 48.5 (44.5 to 51.8) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 42.7 (41.2 to 45.2) | 47.9 (43.5 to 50.2) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.8 (−3.9 to −1.8) | −1.0 (−1.7 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| LCCA TAMEAN, cm/s | Supine | 22.5 (22.0 to 24.3) | 24.0 (23.5 to 25.1) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 20.1 (19.5 to 21.2) | 23.7 (22.5 to 24.9) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.3 (−3.0 to −1.8) | −0.8 (−1.0 to −0.3) | <0.001 | |
| LCCA flow volume, mL/min | Supine | 699.2 (627.7 to 703.3) | 721.1 (652.4 to 731.1) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 659.7 (610.1 to 690.7) | 717.6 (646.7 to 721.2) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −20.0 (−28.4 to −14.4) | −4.8 (−8.8 to −3.3) | <0.001 | |
| PSV LICA, cm/s | Supine | 93.5 (91.0 to 97.0) | 96.0 (92.5 to 100.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 87.0 (84.3 to 91.0) | 96.0 (91.5 to 99.8) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −6.0 (−7.0 to −4.3) | −1.0 ( to −1.8 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| EDV LICA, cm/s | Supine | 23.0 (22.0 to 24.0) | 24.0 (23.0 to 26.0) | 0.001 |
| Upright | 20.0 (20.0 to 21.0) | 24.0 (22.0 to 25.8) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.0 (−3.0 to −2.0) | 0.0 (−1.0 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| PSV LVA, cm/s | Supine | 48.5 (45.0 to 49.8) | 50.0 (46.0 to 52.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 42.0 (39.3 to 45.0) | 50.0 (45.3 to 51.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −6.0 (−7.0 to −4.0) | −1.0 (−2.0 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| EDV LVA, cm/s | Supine | 15.0 (15.0 to 16.8) | 15.0 (15.0 to 16.8) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 12.0 (12.0 to 13.0) | 15.0 (15.0 to 16.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −3.0 (−4.0 to −2.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| PSV RCCA, cm/s | Supine | 96.0 (94.0 to 100.0) | 98.5 (96.0 to 102.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 90.0 (86.5 to 94.0) | 97.5 (95.0 to 99.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −5.5 (−8.0 to −4.0) | −1.0 (−2.0 to to 1.0) | <0.001 | |
| EDV RCCA, cm/s | Supine | 24.5 (23.0 to 25.0) | 26.0 (25.0 to 27.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 20.0 (20.0 to 21.0) | 25.0 (24.0 to 26.8) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −4.0 (−5.0 to −3.0) | 0.0 (−1.0 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| RCCA TAMAX, cm/s | Supine | 46.3 (43.1 to 48.9) | 48.5 (44.5 to 51.8) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 42.7 (41.1 to 45.1) | 47.9 (43.5 to 50.2) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.8 (−3.6 to −1.9) | −1.0 (−1.7 to −0.5) | <0.001 | |
| RCCA TAMEAN, cm/s | Supine | 22.5 (21.7 to 24.2) | 24.0 (23.5 to 25.1) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 20.0 (19.7 to 21.2) | 23.7 (22.5 to 24.9) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.3 (−3.1 to −2.0) | −0.7 (−1.1 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| RCCA Flow volume, mL/min | Supine | 698.6 (626.3 to 703.7) | 722.0 (653.2 to 731.1) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 659.3 (609.2 to 690.0) | 716.6 (646.7 to 721.2) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −21.0 (−28.5 to −14.3) | −6.9 (−8.8 to −3.1) | <0.001 | |
| PSV RICA, cm/s | Supine | 93.0 (91.0 to 98.0) | 96.0 (93.3 to 99.8) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 87.0 (84.0 to 92.0) | 96.0 (92.3 to 99.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −6.0 (−7.8 to −5.0) | −1.0 (−2.0 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| EDV RICA, cm/s | Supine | 22.0 (21.3 to 24.5) | 24.0 (23.0 to 26.0) | 0.002 |
| Upright | 20.0 (20.0 to 20.8) | 24.0 (23.0 to 26.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.0 (−3.8 to −1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | <0.001 | |
| PSV RVA, cm/s | Supine | 47.0 (45.0 to 49.0) | 49.0 (46.0 to 51.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 42.0 (41.0 to 43.0) | 50.0 (45.0 to 50.8) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −5.0 (−6.0 to −4.0) | −0.5 (−1.8 to 1.0) | <0.001 | |
| EDV RVA, cm/s | Supine | 14.5 (13.3 to 15.0) | 14.5 (13.3 to 15.0) | <0.001 |
| Upright | 12.0 (12.0 to 13.0) | 15.0 (15.0 to 16.0) | <0.001 | |
| Delta | −2.0 (−3.0 to −2.0) | 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: EDV, end diastolic velocity; LCCA, left common carotid artery; LICA, left internal carotid artery; LVA, left vertebral artery; PSV, peak systolic velocity; RCCA, right common carotid artery; RICA, right internal carotid artery; RVA, right vertebral artery; TAMAX, time‐averaged maximum velocity; TAMEAN, time‐averaged mean velocity; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.