Table 3.
Proximal femur properties in the female control and softball groups
| Site | Measure | Control (female) | Softball | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondominanta | Dominanta | Abs. diff. (95% CI)b | Nondominanta | Dominanta | Abs. diff. (95% CI)b | ||||
| Total hip | aBMD (g/cm2) | 1.02 ± 0.13 | 1.13 ± 0.12 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 1.12 ± 0.12 | 1.19 ± 0.13 | 0.07(0.05, 0.09)‡ | ||
| BMC (g) | 32.6 ± 5.7 | 32.6 ± 4.9 | −0.1 (−1.1, 1.1) | 40.2 ± 6.8 | 43.3 ± 7.6 | 3.1 (2.1, 4.1)‡ | |||
| Area (cm2) | 31.8 ± 3.3 | 31.4 ± 2.7 | −0.3 (−1.2, 0.6) | 35.9 ± 4.0 | 36.3 ± 4.5 | 0.5 (−0.1, 0.9) | |||
| Femoral neck | aBMD (g/cm2) | 0.94 ± 0.15 | 0.95 ± 0.15 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 1.01 ± 0.10 | 1.08 ± 0.11 | 0.06 (0.04, 0.09)‡ | ||
| BMC (g) | 4.33 ± 0.79 | 4.42 ± 0.72 | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.25) | 5.08 ± 0.61 | 5.58 ± 0.69 | 0.50 (0.35, 0.65)‡ | |||
| Area (cm2) | 4.62 ± 0.51 | 4.64 ± 0.31 | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.19) | 5.02 ± 0.35 | 5.19 ± 0.29 | 0.17 (0.06, 0.28)† | |||
| Trochanteric | aBMD (g/cm2) | 0.77 ± 0.13 | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03)* | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 0.90 ± 0.12 | 0.05 (0.04, 0.07)‡ | ||
| BMC (g) | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 0.0 (−0.3, 0.3) | 9.3 ± 1.4 | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.3)† | |||
| Area (cm2) | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 9.7 ± 1.0 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | 11.0 ± 1.1 | 11.2 ± 1.3 | 0.2 (−0.3, 0.7) | |||
| Narrow neck | CSA (cm2) | 3.26 ± 0.59 | 3.35 ± 0.57 | 0.09 (0.02, 0.15)* | 3.72 ± 0.50 | 4.07 ± 0.54 | 0.34 (0.23, 0.46)‡ | ||
| CSMI (cm4) | 2.37 ± 0.76 | 2.43 ± 0.64 | 0.05 (−0.11, 0.22) | 3.21 ± 0.90 | 3.58 ± 0.97 | 0.38 (0.19, 0.56)‡ | |||
| Z (cm3) | 1.46 ± 0.36 | 1.49 ± 0.37 | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | 1.87 ± 0.35 | 2.03 ± 0.39 | 0.17 (0.09, 0.25)‡ | |||
| CtTh (cm) | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03)† | |||
a
Data are mean ± SD
b
Mean absolute side-to-side differences were assessed using single sample t-tests with a population mean of 0%. Significance is indicated by:
*
P<0.05,
†
P<0.01,
‡
P<0.001